sound (a narrow or< Copy link • sound (a narrow or shallow sea): frĕtum, angustiae (v. strait): but perh. most precisely expr. by *ex patenti utrinque coactum in angustias mare (Georg.).
sound (the air-bladder Copy link • sound (the air-bladder of a fish): *vēsīca nătātō]ria (that serves to swim with), Georg.: or perh. vēsīca, simply, may serve.
sound (a kind of probe Copy link • sound (a kind of probe, in surgery): spĕcillum: Cic. N. D. 3, 22, 57: Cels. 7, 8: v. also probe, catheter.
sound (subs.) Copy link Outline 1. sŏnus (gen. term)2. sŏnĭtus, ūs, m. (gen. term)3. sŏnor, ōris, m. (for sonitus and sonus)4. cantus, ūs, m.5. vox, vōcis, f. (gen., but not always, of the human voice)6. tŏnus (= τόνος, the s. or tone of an instrument • sound (subs.): 1. sŏnus (gen. term): the timbrels clamoured with hoarse s.s, tympana raucis obstrepuere s., Ov. M. 4, 391: cf. s. tubae, Caes. B. G. 7, 47: the s. of oars, remorum s., Lucan 3, 541: the s. of blows, verberum s., Sen. in Herc. Oet. 1002: diversity of s.s, varietas sonorum, Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146: also, varii soni, id. Leg. 2, 15, 38: from the sharpest (or highest treble) s. to the deepest (or lowest bass) s., ab acutissimo s. ad gravissimum s., id. de Or. 1, 59, 251: an harmonious s., concors s., Ov. M. 5, 664: harshness of s., asperitas soni, Tac. G. 3: a soft s., lenis s., Plin. 16, 35, 63, § 155: cf. miti lenia verba sono, Tibull. 1, 8, 2: a soft (or sweet) s., dulcis s., Cic.: Hor.. Join: clear s.s, s. distincti et pressi, Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149. For s.s in music, v. note (subs., V.), measure (subs., V.) To give forth s., s. dare, Virg. G. 3, 83: s. reddere, Hor. A. P. 348: s. edere, Ov. F. 1, 434: s. efficere, fundere, Cic.: to draw forth s.s, s. elicere, id. N. D. 2, 60, 150 (v. also to sound, A.). Fig.: to utter empty s.s, inanes s. fundere, Cic. Tusc. 5, 26, 73. [Also used of style, in Cic. Brut. 26, 100, unus s. est totius orationis.] 2. sŏnĭtus, ūs, m. (gen. term): the s. of arms, s. armorum, Lucr. 2, 48: the s. of oars, s. remorum, Caes. B. G. 7, 60: the s. of feet, s. pedum, Ov. M. 5, 616: the s. of snorers, s. stertentium, Plin. 9, 10, 12, § 36: to give forth a s., s. reddere, Cic. Tusc. 1, 40, 96. Fig.: the empty s. of words, verborum s. inanis, id. de Or. 1, 12, 51: cf. verborum inanium crepitus, Sen. Ep. 123, med. 3. sŏnor, ōris, m. (for sonitus and sonus): Lucr. 1, 645 (638): Virg. Aen. 7, 462: Tac. A. 1, 65: musical s.s, melici sonores, Lucr. 5, 334 (but in Cic., melici = lyrical). 4. cantus, ūs, m.: the s. of trumpets, c. buccinarum, Cic. Mur. 9, 22: cf. c. tubarum, Liv. 25, 24, post init.: the s. of the lute, c. citharae, Hor. Od. 3, 1, 20: v. also song (I., 1), music (II.), strain. 5. vox, vōcis, f. (gen., but not always, of the human voice): harmony of s.s, concordia vocum, Col. 12, 2, med.: s. is nothing else but disturbed air, vox nihil aliud est quam ictus aer, Sen. Q. N. 2, 29: the s. of cymbals is heard, cymbalum (gen. plur.) sonat v., Cat. 61 (63), 21: the seven distinctions of s.s, septem discrimina vocum, Virg. Aen. 6, 646: v. also tone, tune. Fig.: to pour forth empty s.s, voces inanes fundere, Cic. Tusc. 3, 18, 42: v. also voice. 6. tŏnus (= τόνος, the s. or tone of an instrument: v. tone, tune): Vitr. 5, 4, ad med.: Macr. Somn. Scip. 2, 1, post med. [For strĕpĭtus (a confused din), strīdor (a harsh grating), crĕpĭtus (a crackling or rattling), frĕmĭtus (a deep roaring noise), clāmor, convīcium (shouting), v. noise: for frăgor (a harsh noise), v. crash: v. also clang, clank, jingle, din, murmur, hum, roar.] Miscell.: a melodious s., canor (v. song, I., 7): also of the martial s. of the trumpet (Martius aeris rauci canor), Virg. G. 4, 71: cf. aes canorum, id. Aen. 9, 501 (503): full of s., rich in s., canorus, etc. (v. sonorous): to dance to the s.s of the flute, (lit. of the flute-player), ad tibicinis modos saltare, Liv. 7, 2, post init. (v. strain): or, ad tibicinem, simply, Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 62: id. Agr. 2, 34, 93: to sing to the s. of the lyre, movere ora vocalia ad citharam, Ov. M. 5, 332: cf. ad buccinam, Varr. R. R. 3, 13, init.: ad classicum, Suet. Vit. 11, init.: at the s. of the trumpet, tuba praecinente, Flor. 2, 16, med.: flutes giving forth melodious s.s, modulate canentes tibiae, Cic. N. D. 2, 8, 22. [N.B.--Strepitus even is used of a measured, regular s.: e. g., s. citharae, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 31: s. testudinis, id. Od. 4, 3, 18.] Inarticulate s. of the voice, inexplanata lingua, Plin. 11, 37, 65, § 174: vowels which form one s., (i. e. diphthongs), vocales quae in unum sonum coalescunt, Quint. 1, 7, post med.: an audible s., sonus qui potest percipi auribus (based on Cic. Or. 2, 8, quod neque oculis, neque auribus, neque ullo sensu percipi potest): cf. vox sensibilis auditui, Vitr. 5, 3, post med.
sound (v.) Copy link Outline A. Trans.I. To cause to make a noise1. inflo, 1 (to blow into)2. căno, cĕcĭni, cantum, 33. occăno, ui, 3 (rare4. conclāmo, 15. crĕpo, ui, ĭtum, 1II. To s. or celebrate one's praisesIII. To test the depth (e. g., of water)B. Intrans.1. sŏno, ui, ĭtum, 12. căno, cĕcĭni, cantum, 33. concĭno, cĭnui, 3 (to s. together)4. strĕpo, ui, 3 (usu. of a hoarse s.)5. expr. by sonum s. sonitum efficere, reddere, edere (v. SOUND, subs., 1, 2). Phr. • sound (v.): A. Trans.: I. To cause to make a noise: 1. inflo, 1 (to blow into): to s. the trumpet, i. buccinam (based on Ov. M. 1, 340, buccina inflata): cf. i. classica, Virg. G. 2, 539: i. calamos leves, Virg. (v. to blow, B., II.). 2. căno, cĕcĭni, cantum, 3: c. fidibus, tibiis (v. to play, IV.). Esp. as a military term: (i.) to s. the signal for battle, bellicum c., Cic. Mur. 14, 30: signa c., Sall. J. 99: also canere, absol.: e. g., tubicen c. coepit, Hirt. B. Afr. 82. Simly. dare signum is used: dat signum specula Misenus ab alta aere cavo, Virg. Aen. 3, 239: esp. signo dato, Caes.: Cic.: Sall. (ii.) to s. a retreat, receptui c., Liv. 27, 47. Fig.: revocante et receptui canente senatu, Cic. Phil. 12, 3, 8: cf. id. Tusc. 3, 15, 33. Also, receptus c.: (buccina) cecinit jussos inflata receptus, Ov. M. 1, 340. Simly. dare signum receptui, Liv. 2, 62, is used. 3. occăno, ui, 3 (rare: to blow, s. a wind-instrument): then Sentius gave the order to s. the trumpets, tum Sentius occanere cornua jussit, Tac. A. 2, 81. 4. conclāmo, 1: to s. to arms, c. ad arma, Liv. 3, 50, post med.: to s. a march, vasa c. (ellipt. for c., ut vasa colligantur), Caes. B. C. 1, 66. 5. crĕpo, ui, ĭtum, 1: thrice s.'d the Muses favouring noises with their hands, (Camenae) manibus faustos ter crepuere sonos, Prop. 4, 9 (3, 10), 4: to s. (or make to chink) small gold coins, c. aureolos, Mart. 5, 19, 14: cf. c. procul auxiliantia aera, Stat. Th. 6, 680. Miscell.: to s. the lute, cithara personare, Virg. Aen. 1, 741: to s. the various notes with the fingers and an ivory quill, discrimina vocum digitis et pectine eburno pulsare, Virg. Aen. 6, 647: cf. lyram percutere, Ov. Am. 3, 12, 40: cymbala quatere, Virg. G. 4, 64 (v. to strike): to s. chords and flutes, nervorum elicere sonos ac tibiarum, Cic. N. D. 2, 60, 150: to s. a bell, *tintinnabulum pulsare (Ainsw.): to s. a syllable sharply, syllabam acutam excitare, Quint. 12, 10, 33 (v. also to pronounce). II. To s. or celebrate one's praises: căno, canto, cĕlĕbro, concĕlĕbro, sŏno (v. to celebrate, I.). Phr.: you promise that you will s. (the praises of) my good name, polliceris te buccinatorem fore existimationis meae, Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 2: v. to trumpet, boast. III. To test the depth (e. g., of water): perh. *perpendiculo mare imum s. vadum tentare: *perpendiculo uti: or *catapirate (so Forcell.: but v. l. cataprorate) uti, cf. Isid. Or. 19, 4: *ad perpendiculum exigere (based on Cic. Verr. 1, 51, 133, ad perp. columnas exigere): to s. a river, vadum fluminis tentare, Caes. B. C. 1, 83: cf. vadum fluminis experiri, Plin. 8, 5, 5, § 12. Fig.: tentare vadum (to make a first attempt), Ov. A. A. 1, 437: also, to s. (= to tamper with), tentare: e. g., animos servorum spe et metu t., Cic. Clu. 63, 176 (v. Smith's Lat. Dict. s. v. tento, II., 2): v. also to tempt, tamper with. Phr.: do you not know that I have s.'d him in everything (lit. fished everything out of him)? nescis me ab illo omnia expiscatum? Cic. Fam. 9, 19, 1: I pretended this that I might s. your inclinations, ea gratia simulavi vos ut pertentarem, Ter. Andr. 3, 4, 9: I should like you to s. that guest of yours, velim odorere istum convivam tuum degustes, Cic. Att. 4, 8 (b), 4: v. also to examine, search, probe. B. Intrans.: To emit a s.: 1. sŏno, ui, ĭtum, 1: s. fides, aera, plectra, Prop. 5 (4), 7, 62: tympana sonuerunt, Caes. B. C. 3, 105, fin.: to s. bass, treble, graviter, acute s., Cic. Rep. 6, 18 (5), 18. Rarely with a pers. acc.: nor does his voice s. like that of a man, nec vox hominem s., Virg. Aen. 1, 328. Comps.: persŏno, rĕsŏno, consŏno, circumsŏno (v. to resound). 2. căno, cĕcĭni, cantum, 3: suddenly the (trumpet-) signals s.'d in the rear, repente a tergo signa canere, Sall. J. 94, ad fin.: cf. classicum c., Liv. 28, 27, fin. Also impers.: if a retreat had not been s.'d, nisi receptui cecinisset, id. 26, 44, ad med.: cf. id. 3, 22, post med. 3. concĭno, cĭnui, 3 (to s. together): the horns and trumpets s.'d together, cornua ac tubae concinuere, Tac. A. 1, 68: cf. Liv. 30, 5, post init., ubi signa concinuissent. 4. strĕpo, ui, 3 (usu. of a hoarse s.): rauco strepuerunt cornua cantu, Virg. Aen. 8, 2: litui s., Hor. Od. 2, 1, 18: s. omnis murmure campus, Virg. Aen. 6, 709. Very rarely of musical s.s: e. g. mons tibiarum cantu tympanorumque sonitu s., Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 7. 5. expr. by sonum s. sonitum efficere, reddere, edere (v. sound, subs., 1, 2). Phr.: this s.s well, but, etc., honesta oratio, sed, etc., Cic. Phil. 8, 4, 13: cf. Ter. Andr. 1, 1, 114: that which s.s ill, quod aures respuunt, Cic. Part. Or. 5, 15: Quint. 11, 1, 61 (p. 276, Bipont. Ed.): it s.'d too grand to be true, plus in oratione tali dignitatis quam fidei erat, Tac. A. 1, 11, med.: a thing which s.s strange, mirabile dictu, Virg. G. 2, 30: it s.s oddly, absonum est (Ainsw.): the pot s.s ill, maligne respondet fidelia, Pers. 3, 21: it s.s like a lie, fidei absonum est, based on Liv. 1, 15, ad fin.
sound (adj.) Copy link Outline I. In good condition1. sānus2. sălūbris, e (for the forms saluber and salubris, v. Smith's Lat. Dict. s. v.3. rōbustus4. vălĭdus5. vălens (like vălidus)6. sincērus (uninjured)7. incorruptus (undecayed)8. salvus (safe and s., uninjured)9. intĕger (unimpaired)10. incŏlŭmis, e (like preced.)11. sospes, ĭtis (like preced.)II. Severe, laid on with force (of a beating)III. Of sleep, deep, profound1. altus2. artus (arctus)IV. Of learning, deep, profound, thorough1. altus2. exquīsītus3. accūrātusV. Of arguments, weighty, conclusive, q. v.VI. Valid, not defectiveVII. Founded in truth, orthodoxVIII. Of style, correct, q. v. • sound (adj.): I. In good condition: 1. sānus: a s. part of the body, s. pars corporis, Cic. Sest. 65, 135: Hor. Join: s. recteque valens, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 21: s. ac robustus, Quint. 2, 10, 6. Fig.: s. (opp. insanus), Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11: a man of not very s. mind, male s., id. Att. 9, 15, 5: a s. mind in a s. body, mens s. in corpore s., Juv. 10, 356: to be of scarcely s. mind, vix sanae mentis esse, Liv. 32, 21, extr. Phr.: of s. mind, compos mentis, Cic. Phil. 2, 38, 97: cf. compos animi, Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 12. Join: sanus mentisque potens, Ov. Tr. 2, 139: v. also sane. 2. sălūbris, e (for the forms saluber and salubris, v. Smith's Lat. Dict. s. v.: sound, healthy): a race of men of s. body, genus hominum s. corpore, Sall. J. 17, med.: s. corpora, Liv. 1, 31, med.: Tac. H. 5, 6: Mart. 10, 47, 6. 3. rōbustus: v. strong. Join: s. eloquence, solida atque r. eloquentia, Quint. 10, 1, 2: s. courage, r. et stabilis fortitudo, Cic. Tusc. 4, 23, 51. 4. vălĭdus: but not yet s. enough after disease, necdum ex morbo satis v., Liv. 3, 13, post init.: cf. si ut spero te v. videro, Cic. Fam. 16, 4, 3: cf. v. male filius, Hor. S. 2, 5, 45: v. also healthy, well (adj.). 5. vălens (like vălidus): the doctor distinctly affirms that you will shortly be s. (or in s. health), medicus plane confirmat propediem te v. fore, Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 2. Join: firmus ac v., ib. 16, 8, 2: robustus et v., id. Agr. 2, 31, 84. 6. sincērus (uninjured): s. body, s. corpus, Ov. M. 12, 100: s. limbs, s. membra, Lucr. 3, 717: s. pigs, s. porci, Pl. Men. 2, 2, 16: a s. vessel, s. vas, Hor. S. 1, 3, 56: v. also genuine. 7. incorruptus (undecayed): s. wood, i. lignum, Plin. 16, 5, 8, § 22: s. timber, i. materia, id. 13, 16, 30, § 101. 8. salvus (safe and s., uninjured): I have so behaved, Quirites, that ye were all preserved safe and s., ita me gessi, Quirites, ut omnes s. conservaremini, Cic. Cat. 3, 10, 25: is the seal safe and s. (i. e. unbroken)? s. signum est? Pl. Am. 2, 2, 143: cf. s. epistola (opp. conscissa), Cic. Fam. 7, 25, 1. Join: to lead an army across safe and s., s. atque incolumem exercitum transducere, Caes. B. C. 2, 32, ad fin.: cf. s. et incolumes, Cic. Inv. 2, 56, 169: s. et sospes, Pl. Capt. 4, 2, 93. 9. intĕger (unimpaired): s. health, i. valetudo, Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 64. Join: to want to be s., i. se salvumque velle, ib. 2, 11, 33: to be s. in all respects, omnibus rebus i. incolumemque esse, id. Fam. 13, 4, 3: v. unimpaired. 10. incŏlŭmis, e (like preced.): v. supr. (8): v. also safe. 11. sospes, ĭtis (like preced.): they restored them safe and s. to their fatherland, s. in patriam restituere, Liv. 2, 49, med. Join: s. incolumisque (Caesar), Plin. Pan. 67, med. Phr.: a s. constitution, firma corporis constitutio, Metrodorus in Cic. Off. 3, 33, 117: cf. corpus bene constitutum et exploratum (a paraphrase of the preceding passage), id. Tusc. 2, 6, 17: in s. health, optimo habitu, Cic. Coel. 24, 59: to enjoy s.er health, fidelius constantiusque valere, Gell. 17, 12, med.: he enjoyed such s. health, tanta prosperitate usus est valetudinis, Nep. Att. 21, init. (v. also constitution, health): a s. (or trustworthy) ship, probum navigium, Cic. Acad. 2, 31, 100 (v. also compact, adj.): cf. idonea navis, Ulp. Dig. 19, 2, 13: simly., a s. wall, idoneus paries, Paul. Dig. 39, 2, 36: to send one away safe and s., intactum aliquem inviolatumque dimittere, Liv. 2, 12, ad fin. (v. uninjured, unhurt): to preserve safe and s., sospitare progeniem, Liv. 1, 16, med.: supposing the walls or roof are quite s., si nihil est in parietibus aut in tecto vitii, Cic. Fam. 9, 15, 5: a s. state of affairs, bonae res, Cic.: Plaut. (v. good, adj.: prosperous): to consider s., probare, Cic.: Caes. [For not s., v. unsound: and for to make s., become s., v. sound, to make: sound, to become.] S. health, sanitas (v. health, I.). II. Severe, laid on with force (of a beating): Phr.: to give one a s. beating, male aliquem mulcare clavis ac fustibus, Cic. Verr. 4, 43, 94: cf. verberibus m., Tac. A. 1, 32 (v. also to cudgel): cf. plagis irrigatus, Pl. Epid. 1, 2, 18: to give a s. cudgelling, dolare fuste, Hor. S. 1, 5, 23: I fear that he will give me a s. flogging (lit., that he will make his elm-twigs stick to me like parasites), metuo ne ulmos parasitos faciat, Pl. Epid. 2, 3, 6: I shall get a s. thrashing through it, istaec in me cudetur faba, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 90: cf. vehementer vapulare, Pl. Curc. 4, 4, 12: to give one a s. rating, graviter increpare quempiam, Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 3: cf. gravibus probris increpare, Liv. 23, 45, med. III. Of sleep, deep, profound: 1. altus: s. sleep, a. somnus, Hor. S. 2, 1, 8: a. sopor, Virg. Aen. 8, 27: 2. artus (arctus): a s.er sleep, arctior somnus, Cic. Rep. 6, 10, 10. Phr.: overpowered by s. sleep, pressus gravitate soporis, Ov. M. 15, 21. IV. Of learning, deep, profound, thorough: 1. altus: the s.est learning, altissima eruditio, Plin. Ep. 4, 30, init.: cf. altiores artes, Quint. 8, 3, 2: v. profound. 2. exquīsītus: a s. judgment of letters, e. judicium literarum, Cic. Off. 1, 37, 133: philosophers of the greatest talents and s. learning, summis ingeniis exquisitaque doctrina philosophi, id. Fin. 1, 1, 1: v. also studied, refined. 3. accūrātus: v. elaborate. Join: a s.er style of speaking, accuratius et exquisitius dicendi genus, Cic. Brut. 82, 283. Phr.: to have a s. knowledge of Latin, bene Latine scire (based on Cic. Caecin. 19, 55): cf. *in Latinis literis multum versatum esse (Georg.): a s. scholar, (homo) perfecte planeque eruditus, Cic. Brut. 81, 282: cf. absolute doctus, Suet. Gr. 4: he was considered a s. scholar, excultus doctrina putabatur, Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 4: a s. geometrician, in geometria perfectus, Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 20: a s. lawyer, juris peritus, id. pass.: cf. in jure paratissimus, id. Brut. 39, 145 (which Tac. A. 4, 58, expresses by, cui legum peritia). V. Of arguments, weighty, conclusive, q. v.: grăvis: v. conclusive. Phr.: s. arguments, argumenta firma ad probandum, id. 78, 272: s. opinions, sententiae quae stabilitatis aliquid habeant, id. Tusc. 5, 30, 85: to have a s. plea, habere excusationem legitimam, Cic. Phil. 5, 5, 14: cf. justa excusatio (v. excuse, subs.): if their complaints were s. (= well-founded), si vera essent quae quererentur, Liv.: I do not see sufficiently s. reason for, etc., nihil satis firmi video quamobrem, etc., Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 96. VI. Valid, not defective: rătus: s. wills, r. (opp. rupta) testamenta, Cic. de Or. 1, 38, 173: v. also valid, impartial. VII. Founded in truth, orthodox: perh. vērus, certus. For s. doctrine, v. orthodox. Miscell.: s. facts, probae res (opp. leves sententiae), Cic. Or. 51, 170: a s. judgment (or decision), judicium sincerum, ib. 8, 25 (v. sincere): but s. (= mature) judgment, judicium firmum, id.: v. mature (adj.), ripe: s. sense, mens bona, Sen. Ep. 10, post med. VIII. Of style, correct, q. v.: sălūbris: whatever is witty or s. in speech, quicquid est salsum aut s. in oratione, Cic. Or. 26, 90.
SOUND Copy link • SOUND 1. s. A noise, sonus (the thing): sonitus (a sounding, the giving of a sound): vox (voice): tinnitus (clang, tinkling, ringing): clangor (clapping, flapping): strepitus (rustling): crepitus (clear, sharp, crashing, rattling): tonus (a tone, in music; ☞ modulatio is the melodious combination of sounds in music, not sound itself). To have a sound, sonare: to give or emit a sound, sonum or vocem, etc. edere: empty sound of words, inanis verborum sonitus; tinnitus (Tac., Dial., 26, in.). A probe, Vid: A shallow sea, fretum. A cuttle-fish, sepia. 2. adj., sanus: validus (healthy): rectus, integer (right). I am safe and sound, salvus sum et incolumis: sound sleep, somnus artus, plenus: a sound constitution, firma corporis constitutio; corpus bene constitutum: a sound mind in a healthy body, mens sana in corpore sano (Juv.., 10, 356): to get a sound beating, vehementer vapulare: to give a sound beating, verberibus or flagris implere; male mulcare; verberibus subigere or irrigare; verberibus mulcare (all comic): to give a sound scolding to, graviter increpare aliquem; acerbe et contumeliose in aliquem invehi. ROBERTSON: probandus. 3. v. Intransitively, To give a sound, sonare.: sonum edere or reddere (PROP.). That sounds well, hoc bene sonat (PROP.): oratio honesta est (figuratively). Transitively, To sound a signal, canere classicum: to sound a retreat, receptui canere; signum receptui dare (Liv.); milites tuba revocare: to sound (a trumpet, etc.), inflare (buccinam, etc.): to sound the praises of anything, magnifice praedicare aliquid; buccinatorem alicujus rei esse (Cic., Fit. Fam., 16, 21). PROP., To try the depth of water, *cataprorata uti; *maris altitudinem cataprorata tentare (after Isidorus, Orig., 19, 4; Vid: Freund, cataprorates): Figuratively, To try, voluntatem alicujus perscrutari (Cic.); animum alicujus scrutari (Cic.) or explorare; degustare aliquem (used playfully, to see what is in him); pertentare alicujus animum; sciscitari quid cogitet (to try and find out his sentiments).