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Gallia est omnis dīvīsa in partēs trēs, quārum ūnam incolunt Belgae.

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Contents (3 entries · 72 senses)
S&H Smith & Hall (2)
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Source & Attribution
Digitized by Distributed Proofreaders from William Smith and Theophilus D. Hall, A Copious and Critical English-Latin Dictionary (1871), and generously placed into the public domain.
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turn (subs.) Copy link
Outline
• turn (subs.): ; turning:
    1. I. Circular motion:
      1. 1. conversio: t.s of heavenly bodies, c. caelestes, Cic. Leg. 1, 8, 24.
      2. 2. circumactus, ūs: a t. of the body, c. corporis, Plin. 8, 30, 44.
      3. 3. versātio: t. of the eye, v. oculi, Plin. 8, 33, 51: Vitr.
      4. 4. versūra: t. at the end of a furrow, Col. 2, 2, 28: in archit. of a wall, Vitr.
      5. 5. vertīgo, gĭnis, f.: one t. makes a citizen, una v. Quiritem facit, Pers. 5, 76.
      6. 6. flexio. Fig. (rare): Cic. Pis. 22, 53: v. revolution, rotation.
    2. II. An alteration of direction in shape or course, a bend or winding:
      1. 1. flexus, ūs: the t.s of the sun at midwinter, solis brumales flexus, Lucr. 5, 615: in some t. of the road, in aliquo flexu viae, Liv. 22, 12: artful t.s, (in Rhet.), f., Quint. 5, 13, 2.
      2. 2. flexūra: virtue is straightforward, she admits no t., virtus recta est, f. non recipit, Sen. Ep. 71, med.
      3. 3. anfractus: v. curve, winding.
      4. 4. ambāges, gum, f.: v. winding, roundabout.
      5. 5. commūtātio: t. of the tide, c. aestūs, cf. Caes. B. G. 5, 1. Full of t.s: flexuōsus: a way ..., fl. iter, Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 144; sinuosus flexibus (Maeander), Plin. 5, 29, 31. Repeated t.s, occursus et recursus (of the Labyrinth), Plin. 36, 13, 19.
    3. III. An alteration of the course of events, a change, vicissitude:
      1. 1. vĭcissĭtūdo, ĭnis, f.: t.s of fortuna, fortunae v., Cic. Fam. 5, 12.
      2. 2. commūtātio: an important t. of affairs, magna rerum commutatio, Caes. B. C. 1, 52: v. change.
      3. 3. conversio: t. of affairs, c. rerum, Cic. Flacc. 37, 94.
      4. 4. exĭtus, ēventus (decisive or final t.): v. issue, result. Phr.: fortune takes a sudden t., celeriter fortuna mutatur, Caes. B. C. 1, 59: fortuna subito convertitur, Nep. Att. 10, 2: all things take an unfavourable t., omnia in pejorem partem vertuntur ac mutantur, Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 103: affairs in Apulia having taken a t. (for the better), inclinatis in Apulia rebus, Liv. 9, 20: things seem to have taken a t. most favourable to us, most disastrous to them, omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse videntur, Caes. in Cic. Att. 10, 8, B.: to take a different t., aliter cadere, Cic. Fam. 5, 19: it is easy for good things to take a t. for the worse, bona facile mutantur in pejus, Quint. 1, 1, 5: all things have taken a different t., omnia versa sunt, Cic. Rosc. Am. 22, 61: all things had taken a more favourable t., omnia erant facta laetiora, id. Att. 7, 26: the matter is taking a t. for the better, incipit res melius ire, ib. 14, 16 [v. improve]: to give a t. to anything: v. to turn, change, alter, direction: or with an adj., expr. by facere, reddere, with a comp. adj.
    4. IV. Inclination of mind: expr. by adj. inclīnātus, prōnus, dēdĭtus, etc., e. g. the general himself was of a more peaceable t. of mind, ipsius imperatoris animus ad pacem inclinatior erat, Liv. 34, 33: v. inclination, disposition.
    5. V. Form of expression: t.s of expression, conformationes verborum, Cic. de Or. 3, 54, 208: to give a good t. to a speech, orationem constructione verborum conformare, ib. 1, 5, 17: a t. of expression, orationis figura, ib. 3, 55, 212.
    6. VI. Of succession by t.s: alternis: by asking and persuading by t.s, rogando alternis suadendoque, Liv. 2, 2, ad fin.: by t.s, alternē, Plin.: Sen.: mūtuo: Suet.: invĭcem: Caes.: Cic.: Liv.: Poet.: vicibus factis, Ov. Fast. 4, 353: per vices, Ov. Fast. 4, 483. In t., invĭcem: Liv. 1, 40: this badge of royalty goes the round of all in t., hoc insigne regium in orbem suam cujusque vicem it, Liv. 3, 36: he gave his vote in t., sententiam dixit ex ordine, Cic. Verr. 4, 64, 143: if he speaks let me speak in my t., si iste loquitur sine me pro mea re loqui, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 81: they raise their arms in regular t., illi inter sese brachia tollunt in numerum, Virg. Aen. 8, 452.
    7. VII. Of requital, an office: A good t., offĭcium [v. kindness]: bĕnĕfĭcium [v. benefit]: grātia: as good a t. cannot be done as is due, tanta referri gratia non potest quanta debetur, Cic. Phil. 3, 2, 4. An ill t.: v. hurt, injury.
    8. VIII. Inclination of the scale: Fig.:
      1. 1. inclīnātio: t.s of affairs and periods, rerum i. et momenta temporum, Cic. Fin. 5, 4, 11.
      2. 2. discrīmen, ĭnis, n.: v. critical [III. 3], crisis. Phr.: to give a t. of the scale, momentum habere, Caes. B. C. 3, 70; rem inclinare, Liv. 3, 61; rem decernere, Liv. 5, 55: so important a t. of affairs, tantus cardo rerum, Virg. Aen. 1, 672.
    9. IX. A short walk up and down:
      1. 1. ambŭlātio: v. walk (subs.).
      2. 2. spătium (the distance traversed): after two or three t.s, duobus s. tribusve factis, Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 28. A little t., ambŭlātiuncŭla: Cic. Phr.: Let us go for a t., eamus deambulatum, Cic. de Or. 2, 63, 256: he has gone for a t., abiit ambulatum, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 96. Miscell. Phr.: at every end and t., ĭdentĭdem (lit. repeatedly), Cic.: Plaut. To serve one's t.: v. to suffice: it serves your t. well, tuam in rem bene conducit, Plaut. Cist. 3, 4: to trust all to the t. of the die, dare summam rerum in aleam, Liv. 42, 59.
turn (v.) Copy link
Outline
• turn (v.):
  1. A. Trans.:
    1. I. To change the direction of anything:
      1. 1. verto, ti, sum, 3: to t. the enemy to flight, v. hostes in fugam, Liv. 1, 37: to t. one's back, terga v., id. 1, 27: to t. water on to the low ground, v. aquam in subjecta, Tac. Ann. 1, 64: prows t.'d to the shore, versae ad litora puppes, Virg. Aen. 10, 268: he t.s his course, v. iter, Ov. Met. 2, 730.
      2. 2. converto, 3: to t. the eyes of all to himself, c. omnium oculos ad se, Nep. Alcib. 3: to t. the mind of the ignorant to worship, c. animos imperitorum ad deorum cultum, Cic. N. D. 1, 27, 77.
      3. 3. adverto, 3 with in, acc. (Ov.), or dat. (Virg.): to t. the mind to anything, animum a. ad rem, rei [v. attend].
      4. 4. flecto, xi, xum, 3: to t. the eyes, f. oculos, Ov. Met. 8, 696: Juv.: to t. any one from his design, f. aliquem a proposito, Liv. 28, 22: to t. one's course to, f. iter ad, Liv. 8, 19: v. bend, direct.
      5. 5. verso, 1: to t. the mind to all kinds of vice and dishonesty, ad omnem malitiam et fraudem versare mentem suam, Cic. Cluent. 26, 70: v. also turn about, turn round.
      6. 6. torqueo, si, tum, 2: to t. the eyes to, oculos t. ad, Virg. Aen. 4, 220: Cic.: v. twist, wrest.
    2. II. To apply, appropriate: Phr.: to t. to one's own use, to t. to account: uti [v. to use]: to t. nothing to his own advantage, nihil ad utilitatem suam referre, Cic. de Or. 2, 51, 207: they t. the disadvantage of another to their own advantage, ex incommodis alterius sua comparant commoda, Ter. Andr. 4, 1, 4: to t. to his own use, in rem suam convertere, Cic. Rosc. Am. 39, 114: v. appropriate.
    3. III. To move round:
      1. 1. circumăgo, ēgi, actum, 3: to t. a mill, c. molas trusatiles, Cat. R. R. 10, 4.
      2. 2. volvo, vi, vŏlūtum, 3: to t. a wheel, rotam v., Virg. Aen. 6, 748.
      3. 3. verso, 1: after t.ing the hinge, versato cardine, Ov. Met. 4, 93: to t. the spindle, v. fusum, ib. 221: wheels which water t.s, rotae quas aqua versat, Plin. 18, 10, 23: to t. a mill, v. molam, Juv. 8, 67.
      4. 4. torqueo, 2: to t. the spindle, t. fusum, Plin. 28, 2, 5: to t. the magic wheel, t. rhombum, Ov. Am. 1, 8, 7.
    4. IV. To change: verto, converto, mūto: v. to change, transform, convert. To t. into money: v. to sell.
    5. V. To translate: exprĭmo, verto: v. translate.
    6. VI. To fashion, form: conformo, 1 (of speech): Cic. de Or. 1, 5, 17: v. VIII. turn (subs.) V. Well-t.'d: rŏtundus (of phrases, etc.): tĕres, expressus (gen.): Cic.: v. neat. To t. verses, fingere versus, Hor. A. P. 382: v. compose.
    7. VII. To make (a scale) incline:
      1. 1. inclīno, 1: v. turn (subs.) VIII.
      2. 2. deprĭmo, 3: v. weigh [down].
      3. 3. praepondĕro, 1: Fig.: to t. the scale in neither direction, neutro p., Quint. 7, 2, 39.
    8. VIII. To form on a lathe:
      1. 1. torno, 1: Cic.: Plin. Fig.: badly t.'d verses, male tornati versus, Hor. A. P. 441.
      2. 2. dētorno, 1 (to t. completely): Plin. Fig.: to t. a sentence, d. sententiam, Gell. 9, 8, ad fin. Or expr. by subs. tornus: e. g. facere torno, Plin.: perficere in torno, Vitr.: *ad tornum fabricare, Georg. Phr.: to t. the stomach, nauseam facere, Plin. 26, 11, 69: to t. the head, mentem exturbare, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 4: his brain is t.'d, mente captus est, id. Off. 1, 27, 94: to turn the laugh, against any one, risum in aliquem convertere, id. de Or. 2, 60, 245: to t. the edge of, rĕtundo, Cic.: Plin.: v. to blunt.
  2. B. Intrans.:
    1. I. To change one's position or direction:
      1. 1. converto, 3 (with refl. pron.): he t.s thrice, ter se c., Ov. Met. 7, 189.
      2. 2. convertor (reflect.): then I will t. to myself, deinde ad me convertar, Cic. Fam. 3, 12. To make to t., converto: Liv. 1, 7.
      3. 3. verto (with refl. pron.): Cic.
      4. 4. intendo, di, tum, and sum, 3: Cic.: Ter.: intendo iter: Liv.
      5. 5. flector (reflect.): Plin.: flecto (neutr.): Liv.: Tac.: Virg. Fig.: to t. to prudence and wisdom, ad providentiam sapientiamque flectere, Tac. Ann. 13, 3: v. bend.
      6. 6. torqueor: Plin.: v. bend.
      7. 7. inclīno, 1 (with refl. pron.: fig. meton. from scales): fortune t.s, fortuna se i., Caes. B. C. 1, 52. Phr.: whither shall I t.? (i. e. betake myself for help or safety), quo me vertam? Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 1; quo intendam? id. Andr. 2, 2, 6: he had no place to t. to, quo se verteret, non habebat, Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 74: they t. with every wind, pluma ac folio facilius moventur, id. Att. 8, 15.
    2. II. To move round:
      1. 1. circumăgor, 3: it t.s in a circle, c. orbe, Liv. 1, 19.
      2. 2. vertor, 3 (reflect.): Lucr.: Virg.
      3. 3. verso, 1 (with refl. pron.): Cic. Verr. 2, 30, 74: and versor (reflect.): that the universe t.s about the axis of heaven, mundum versari circum axem caeli, Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 52.
      4. 4. torqueo, 2 (with refl. pron.): Join: the earth t.s on its axis, terra circum axem se convertit et torquet, Cic. Acad. 2, 39, 123.
      5. 5. volvor, 3: v. roll, revolve. Phr.: while the wheel t.s, currente rota, Hor. A. P. 22.
    3. III. To change, become: verto (with refl. pron. or neutr.), mūtor, converto (with refl. pron.): v. change. To t. ... (with adj., esp. of colour, or the title of a profession or trade): v. to become. Phr.: to t. king's evidence, indicium profiteri, Sall. Jug. 35; i. offerre, Tac. Ann. 11, 35. Abs. of fruit, leaves, etc., to change colour: vărior, 1: grapes t., uva v., Col. Arb. 12, 1: vărio (with refl. pron.): grapes t., uva se v., Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 189: flāvesco, 3 (of leaves): Plin. 16, 6, 7. Phr.: to t. colour (i. e. blush or grow pale): colorem mutare., perdere., Cic.
    4. IV. To go bad:
      1. 1. vĭtior (of fruit, meat, etc.): v. SPOILT, corrupt.
      2. 2. putresco, 3: v. to decay.
      3. 3. mūtor, 1 (of wine): Hor. Sat. 2, 2, 58. T.'d, rancĭdŭlus, Juv.
R&A Riddle & Arnold (1)
Source
Source & Attribution
J. E. Riddle and T. K. Arnold, A Copious and Critical English-Latin Lexicon. Data retrieved from FergusJPWalsh/riddle-arnold under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license.
TURN Copy link
• TURN
1.
  • s. Circular motion, conversio: circumactus (corporis): usually by the verbs.
  • Winding, bend, flexus, -ūs: occursus ac recursus: ambages, plur. (winding, circuitous route; also in ablative sing., ambage): anfractus (a break in the continuity of anything’s direction; e.g., of a horn, the course of the sun, etc., but especially of a road; hence, from context, anfractusfor a “turn in the road”). A river that has many turns, amnis sinuosus flexibus (after Maeander s. f., Plin.).
  • A walk to and fro, ambulatio: spatium: to take a turn, ambulationem conficere (in aliquo loco): to go to take a turn, ire, or abire ambulatum, or deambulatum: after two or three turns, duobus spatiis tribusve factis: a little turn, ambulatiuncula.
  • Change leading to a result, commutatio: by eventus, exitus (event); or by circumlocution; e.g., fortune takes a sudden turn, fortuna subito convertitur (Nep., Att., 10, 2); celeriter fortuna mutatur (Caes., B.C., 1, 59): all things take an unfavorable turn, omnia in pejorem partem vertuntur ac mutantur (Cic., Rosc., Am., 36, 103): things take a good, bad turn, omnia nobis secunda, adversa incidunt (Cic.): the war takes an unfavorable turn, res inclinatur (Liv.): to take a different turn, aliter cadere, cedere, mutare (Cic.): all things have taken a different turn, omnia versa sunt (Cic., Rosc., Am., 22, 61): the affair takes an unexpected turn, res praeter omnem opinionem cadit, cedit (after Cic.): to take a good or favorable turn, in laetiorem or meliorem statum mutari: to give a turn to anything, rem vertere, convertere (Cic.); rem totam inclinare (Liv.): to give a different turn, rem aliter, alio modo, vertere; rem alio vertere, convertere (after Cic.): to give a more elegant turn to, elegantius facere aliquid (Cic.).
  • Disposition (of mind), Vid:
  • Mode of expression, conformatio. To give a good turn to a sentence, sententiam apte conformare; aliquid elegantius dicere: various turns of expression, variae figurae et verba.
  • Order, course, usually by circumlocution with some of the cases of vicis, which does not occur in the nominative; e.g., in turn, in vicem: it is your turn now, nunc tuae sunt partes (Vid: Phaedrus, 4, 3, 25: ☞ ordo te tangit or ad te venit is not Latin): by turns, alternately, alterna, nominative plur.; invicem; per vices (☞ not alternis = one after the other, nor vicissim = in return; vicibus means “by turns,” “alternately,” but it is found only in poetry and later prose writers).
  • Office (good or bad). A good turn, officium (a kindness): beneficium (a benefit): to do anybody a good turn, alicui benigne facere: de aliquo bene mereri: to do a bad turn, [Vid. INJURE, HURT].
  • Inclination of the scale, libramentum (the proper word): mantissa (preponderance).
  • Figuratively, That which occasions a change in a thing or in its termination, momentum (the proper word, ῥοπή): discrimen (critical or decisive point). To give the turn of the scale, momentum habere; discrimen facere: to give the turn of the scale to a thing, momentum facere alicui rei or (in a thing) in re; momentum afferre ad rem; rem inclinare (to bring near to decision): rem decernere (to decide): trifles: frequently give a turn of the scale to important matters, ex parvis saepe magnarum rerum inclinationes pendent.
2.
  • v. To give a certain direction, vertere: convertere. To turn one’s self or itself, se convertere; converti: to turn the eyes to any place, oculos aliquo convertere: to turn upside down, topsy-turvy, ima summis miscere or mutare; summa imis confundere; omnia turbare et miscere; omnia in contrarium vertere; caelum ac terras miscere: to turn inside out, invertere: to turn the thoughts to, animum advertere ad rem [Vid: ATTEND]: to turn the thoughts from a subject, animum or cogitationes ab aliqua re: to turn the back, verti: converti (to turn round): se vertere or convertere (in flight): abire, decedere, discedere (to go away).
  • To apply, Vid: : to turn to one’s own use or advantage, uti aliqua re (to use); in rem suam convertere aliquid (to apply to one’s benefit); fructum capere ex re.
  • To move round, change (position), (transitively) torquere: contorquere: circumagere (e.g., molas trusatiles). To turn anything round, in orbem torquere or circumagere; rotare (to turn like a wheel): (intransitively) se torquere or convertere: se versare (voluntarily): circumagi: volvi: ferri (involuntarily). To turn in a circle, in orbem circumagi; se gyrare; rotari (rather poetical). Figuratively. The whole dispute turns on this question, circa hanc consultationem disceptatio omnis vertitur: to turn up the nose at anybody, ludum alicui suggerere (☞ Cic., Att., 12, 44).
  • To give another direction to, (transitively) vertere: convertere: torquere (figuratively, to turn aside, to wrest; e.g., jus): (intransitively) to turn one’s self, se vertere; vertere; se convertere; converti: to turn with every wind, ipsa pluma aut folio facilius moveri; mobili esse animo [Vid: also, CHANGE]: his brain is turned, mente captus est; de or ex mente exiit; mente alienatus est: is not your brain turned? satin’ sanus es? to turn from one parly to another (i. e., to change sides), deficere, desciscere alicui ab aliquo.
  • To change = corivert [Vid: CONVERT]. To turn into money, vendere.
  • To fashion, form, conformare: effingere.
  • To incline (a scale), (transitively) inclinare: (intransitively) inclinari or inclinare in (ad) alteram partem. The scale turns, altera lanx propendet or deprimitur (cf., Cic., Tusc., 5, 17, 51; Acad., 2, 12, 38). Figuratively, The scale of fortune turns, fortuna vertit, convertitur, or se inclinat.
  • To translate, Vid:
  • To form on a lathe, tornare (also figuratively, to make with niceness, etc.; e.g., versus, Hor.): detornare (to turn off, velares annulos, Plin., 13, 9, 18: figuratively, sententiam, Gell.): torno facere: ex torno perficere: ad tornum fabricare (PROP., to make in a lathe): perficere aliquid in torno (Vitr.). To turn cups of terebinthus, calices torno facere ex terebintho (Plin.).
  • Intransitively. To change its color, varium fieri (e.g., the grapes are beginning to turn, uva varia fieri coepit): flavescere (to turn sear or yellow; of leaves, etc; e.g., folium fagi, Plin.).
  • To apply for aid, Vid: : whither shall I turn? quo me vertam? he knew not whither to turn, quo se verteret lion habebat. TURN ABOUT, versare. Vid: also, TURN ROUND. TURN ASIDE,
  • Transitively, deflectere: detorquere (by force).
  • Intransitively, deflectere: declinare de re (e.g., de via): devertere. TURN AWAY, TURN FROM,
  • Transitively. To avert, avertere: amovere. To turn away the eyes from anyone, oculos dejicere ab aliquo: to another, oculos ab aliquo in alium avertere. Figuratively, To turn away one’s mind or thoughts, animum or cogitationes avertere ab aliqua re and ab aliquo.
  • To dismiss, Vid:
  • Intransitively, amovere se: deflectere. TURN BACK, Vid: RETURN. TURN DOWN, invertere. TURN IN,
  • Transitively. To double back, inflectere: replicare (to fold back).
  • Intransitively, To be doubled back, inflecti.
  • To enter (a house), domum alicujus intrare: apud aliquem devertere. TURN INTO, Vid. CONVERT, TRANSFORM. TURN OFF,
  • Transitively, To dismiss, Vid:
  • To give a different direction to; e.g., to turn off water, derivare (to draw from or to a place): deducere (to lead or move away to a place, or downward): avertere (to give another direction to). To turn off a river, flumen derivare, avertere; through a new channel, flumen novo alveo avertere.
  • Intransitively. To take a different turn, seflectere; e.g., hinc silva, via, se flectit sinistrorsum (turns off to the left).
  • To corrupt, putrefy, vitiari (of fruit, meat, etc.): putrescere (to go to decay). That has turned off, putridus; rancidus (rancid; e.g., meat). TURN OUT,
  • Transitively. To drive away, ejicere. To turn one out of one’s house, aliquem domo ejicere (except in this construction, ejicere mostly takes ex or de).
  • To seek (a word in a dictionary), *vocabulum in lexico quaerere.
  • Intransitively. To issue, have a certain end or result, evenire: exitum habere (to have an issue): cadere (to fall out). To turn out well, bene, belle evenire: prospere procedere, or succedere (to succeed): alicui res fauste, feliciter, prospereque eveniunt (prosperously; Cic., Muren., 1): to turn out badly, male, secus cadere: to turn out agreeably to one’s wish, ex sententia succedere (opposed to aliter cecidit res ac putabam; praeter opinionem cadere): I feared how it would turn out, verebar, quorsum id casurum esset, or quorsum evaderet: I am afraid how it will turn out with him, vereor quid de illo, or quid illi fiet: how has it turned out with you? quis eventus te accepit?turn out as it may, utcumque res ceciderit or cessura est: to see beforehand how a thing will turn out, de exitu rei divinare. TURN OVER,
  • To upset, Vid:
  • To revolve, revolvere. To turn over the pages of a book, librum evolvere (☞ librum consulere is = “to consult a book;” libros adire only of the Sibylline books): to turn over a new leaf (proverbial), ad bonam frugem se recipere (Cic.). TURN ROUND,
  • Transitively, versare (to turn, sometimes to one side, sts to the other; also, to turn round in a circle): circumagere (to turn round to another side, or to move round in a circle): invertere (to turn about, to invert): convertere (to turn round and round, and, with the terminus ad quem, to direct to a place by turning round; hence followed by ad or in with an accusative): circumvertere (to turn round about): intorquere (to move to one side by turning; e.g., oculos ad aliquid): contorquere (to move quite round by turning): retorquere (to turn back; e.g., oculos ad aliquid).
  • Intransitively, se convertere (of persons and things): versari or se versare: se circumagere: circumagi (the first of persons or things, the latter only of things welt turn round): circumferri: circumverti (only of things; e.g., wheels, the heavenly bodies): se gyrare (to turn one’s self round; e.g., with the head, Veg., 3, 5, 2). To turn one’s self round in a circle, in orbem circumagi, or se circumagere (☞ rotari is poetical): to turn one’s self round to anyone, se convertere ad aliquem; se circumagere ad aliquem. TURN UP,
  • Transitively, reflectere: recurvare (crookedly).
  • Intransitively, reflecti: recurvari.
  • To happen, Vid: TURN UPSIDE DOWN, Vid: TURN.