exter Copy link Outline I. Pos.II. Comp.III. Sup. in two forms, extrēmus and extĭmus or extŭmusA. extrēmus, a, um1. Lit.2. Trop.a. In respect to time or the order of succession, ...a. For the last timeb. At last, finally, Cic. Att. 2, 21, 2 ...b. Extreme in quality or degree; used, like ultimus, to denote both the highest and the lowest grade. ...(a). The utmost, highest, greatest(b). The lowest, vilest, meanestB. extĭmus or extŭmus, a, um, the outermost ... • exter or extĕrus (both forms only post-class. and very rare), tĕra, tĕrum, adj. [comp. form, from ex], on the outside, outward, of another country, family, etc., foreign, strange (syn.: extraneus; alienus, peregrinus, adventicius). I. Pos. (in Cic. and Caes. used in the plur.): quod exter heres praestare cogeretur, strange, Dig. 31, 1, 69: emancipatus vero aut exterus non aliter possunt hereditatem quaerere quam si, etc., ib. 29, 2, 84; cf. ib. 31, 1, 67, § 4: tactus corporis est sensus, vel cum res extera sese Insinuat, vel, etc., Lucr. 2, 435: vis, id. 2, 277: haec lex socialis est, hoc jus nationum exterarum est, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 5, 18: exterarum gentium multitudo, Suet. Caes. 84: non modo vestris civibus, verum etiam exteris nationibus, Cic. Font. 11, 25; cf.: apud exteras civitates, Cic. Caecin. 34, 100: apud exteras nationes, Caes. B. C. 3, 43 fin.; ad nationes exteras, Quint. 11, 1, 89: apud exteros, Plin. 18, 3, 5, § 22 et saep.: ab extero hoste atque longinquo, Cic. Cat. 2, 13.—In neutr. plur. with gen.: ad extera Europae noscenda missus Himilco, Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 169: ad extera corporum, id. 22, 23, 49, § 103.— II. Comp.: extĕrĭor, us (in signif. scarcely differing from its pos.), outward, outer, exterior; opp. interior (rare but class.): cum alterum fecisset exteriorem, interiorem alterum amplexus orbem, Cic. Univ. 7; cf.: simul ex navibus milites in exteriorem vallum tela jaciebant ... et legionarii, interioris munitionis defensores, Caes. B. C. 3, 63, 6: colle exteriore occupato, id. B. G. 7, 79, 1: circumire exteriores mutiones jubet, id. ib. 7, 87, 4: pares munitiones contra exteriorem hostem perfecit, id. ib. 7, 74: comes exterior, i. e. on the left side, Hor. S. 2, 5, 17.— III. Sup. in two forms, extrēmus and extĭmus or extŭmus [sup. of ex; cf. Gr. ἔσχατος, Georg Curtius Gr. Etym. p. 387]. A. extrēmus, a, um (which in post-class. lang. is itself compared; comp.: extremior, App. M. 1, p. 105; 7, p. 188; sup.: extremissimus, Tert. Apol. 19), the outermost, utmost, extreme (so most freq.; cf.: ultimus, postremus, novissimus, supremus, imus). 1. Lit.: extremum oppidum Allobrogum est Geneva, Caes. B. G. 1, 6, 3: flumen Axona, quod est in extremis Remorum finibus, on the farthest borders, id. ib. 2, 5, 4: fines, Liv. 39, 28, 2; 45, 29, 14; cf.: ad extremum finem provinciae Galliae venerunt, id. 40, 16, 5: impiger extremos currit mercator ad Indos, the remotest, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 45: Tanaïs, id. C. 3, 10, 1: in extrema fere parte epistolae, near the end, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 20; cf.: in codicis extrema cera, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 36, § 92; but to denote the last part of a thing it is used more freq. in immediate connection with the substantive denoting the whole: quibus (litteris) in extremis, at its end, id. Att. 14, 8, 1; cf.: in qua (epistola) extrema, id. ib. 13, 45, 1: in extremo libro tertio, at the end of the third book, id. Off. 3, 2, 9: in extrema oratione, id. de Or. 1, 10, 41: in extremo ponte turrim constituit, Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 3; cf.: ad extremas fossas castella constituit, id. ib. 2, 8, 3: ab extremo agmine, id. ib. 2, 11, 4: in extrema Cappadocia, Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 4: extremis digitis aliquid attingere, id. Cael. 12, 28 et saep. —In the neutr. absol. and as subst.: extrē-mum, i, n., an end, the end: divitias alii praeponunt, alii honores, multi etiam voluptates; beluarum hoc quidem extremum, Cic. Lael. 6, 20: quod finitum est, habet extremum, id. Div. 2, 50, 103: missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum, at the end, Liv. 21, 8, 10: in "Equo Trojano" scis esse in extremo "sero sapiunt," Cic. Fam. 7, 16, 1; cf.: quod erat in extremo, id. Att. 6, 9, 1.—With gen.: aliquid ad extremum causae reservatum, Cic. Deiot. 13, 35 (cf. infra, 2. a. fin.): caelum ipsum, quod extremum atque ultumum mundi est, id. Div. 2, 43, 91: ab Ocelo, quod est citerioris provinciae extremum, Caes. B. G. 1, 10, 5: summum gulae fauces vocantur, extremum stomachus, Plin. 11, 37, 68, § 179: in extremo montis, Sall. J. 37, 4.— In plur.: extrema agminis, Liv. 6, 32, 11: extrema Africae, Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 31: extrema Galliae, Flor. 3, 3, 1; 3, 20, 12; Tac. H. 5, 18; id. A. 4, 67; 4, 74.— 2. Trop. a. In respect to time or the order of succession, the latest, last: inter prioris mensis senescentis extremum diem et novam lunam, Varr. L. L. 6, § 10 Müll.: mensis anni Februarius, Cic. Leg. 2, 21, 54: tempore diei, Hirt. B. G. 8, 15, 6: eam amicitiam ad extremum finem vitae perduxit, Liv. 37, 53, 8: matres ab extremo conspectu liberorum exclusae, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 118: manus extrema non accessit operibus ejus, the finishing hand, the last touches, id. Brut. 33, 126: extremum illud est, ut te orem et obsecrem, it remains only, id. Fam. 4, 13, 7; id. Att. 11, 16, 5.—To denote the last part of a thing (cf. above, 1.): quod eo die potest videri extrema et prima luna, i. e. the end and the beginning, Varr. L. L. l. l.: usque ad extremam aetatem ab adolescentia, Nep. Cato, 2, 4; id. Att. 10, 3; cf.: ita tantum bellum Cn. Pompeius extrema hieme apparavit, ineunte vere suscepit, media aestate confecit, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 35: extremo anno, Liv. 2, 64, 1: extremo tempore, in the last time, at last, Nep. Dat. 10; id. Epam. 9; id. Eum. 5, 3 al.: extrema pueritia, Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: extremo Peloponnesio bello, Nep. Con. 1, 2: extremus dies, the close of day, the evening, Sil 7, 172; 14, 8.—Subst.: illum Praeteritum temnens extremos inter euntem, Hor. S. 1, 1, 116; cf.: extremi primorum, extremis usque priores, id. Ep. 2, 2, 204: extremus dominorum, Tac. H. 4, 42 fin.: die extremum erat, Sall. J. 21, 2: extremum aestatis, id. ib. 90, 1: extremo anni, Liv. 35, 11, 1: sub extremum noctis, Sil. 4, 88 al.—Prov.: extrema semper de ante factis judicant (cf. our wise after the event), Pub. Syr. 163 Rib.—Adv.: extremum. a. For the last time: alloquor extremum maestos abiturus amicos, Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 15: cum diu occulte suspirassent, postea jam gemere, ad extremum vero loqui omnes et clamare coeperunt.— b. At last, finally, Cic. Att. 2, 21, 2: extremum tenues liquefacta medullas Tabuit, Ov. M. 14, 431.—Adverb. phrase: ad extremum, id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 4, 4, 2 et saep.; cf., strengthened by tum: invenire quod dicas ... deinde ... post ... tum ad extremum agere ac pronuntiare, Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 79; and strengthened by denique: ad extremum ipsa denique necessitate excitantur, id. Sest. 47, 100: decimo loco testis exspectatus et ad extremum reservatus dixit, etc., till the end, to the last, id. Caecin. 10, 28: ad extremum, Ov. P. 1, 9, 28; 3, 7, 20; for which: in extremum (durare), id. H. 7, 111: qui extremo mortuus est, at last, Dig. 32, 1, 81: extremo, Nep. Ham. 2, 3.— b. Extreme in quality or degree; used, like ultimus, to denote both the highest and the lowest grade. α. The utmost, highest, greatest: cum extremum hoc sit (sentis enim, credo, me jam diu, quod τέλος Graeci dicunt, id dicere tum extremum, tum ultimum, tum summum: licebit etiam finem pro extremo aut ultimo dicere) cum igitur hoc sit extremum, congruenter naturae vivere, etc., Cic. Fin. 3, 7, 26: extremam famem sustentare, Caes. B. G. 7, 17, 3: ad extrema et inimicissima jura tam cupide decurrebas, Cic. Quint. 15, 48; cf.: decurritur ad illud extremum atque ultimum S. C., Dent operam consules, etc., Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 3: extremam rationem belli sequens, id. ib. 3, 44, 1: neque aliud se fatigando nisi odium quaerere, extremae dementiae est, is the height of madness, Sall. J. 3, 3: in extremis suis rebus, in the utmost, greatest danger, Caes. B. G. 2, 25 fin.: res, Suet. Ner. 6 fin.; cf.: res jam ad extremum perducta casum, Caes. B. G. 3, 5, 1: necessitate extrema ad mortem agi, Tac. A. 13, 1.—Subst.: si nihil in Lepido spei sit, descensurum ad extrema, to desperate measures, Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4: ad extrema perventum est, Curt. 4, 14, 14: ad extrema ventum foret, ni, etc., Liv. 2, 47, 8: compellere ad extrema deditionis, to surrender at discretion, Flor. 4, 5; cf.: famem, ferrum et extrema pati, Tac. H. 4, 59: plura de extremis loqui, id. ib. 2, 47 al.: res publica in extremo sita, Sall. C. 52, 11; Sen. de Ira, 1, 11, 5.—Adverb.: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus, utterly, Liv. 23, 2, 4.— β. The lowest, vilest, meanest (perh. not ante-Aug.): mancipia, Sen. Ep. 70 fin.: latrones, App. M. 3, p. 131: quidam sortis extremae juvenis, Just. 15, 1: alimenta vitae, Tac. A. 6, 24: extremi ingenii est, Liv. 22, 29, 8.— B. extĭmus or extŭmus, a, um, the outermost, farthest, most remote (rare but class.): novem orbes, quorum unus est caelestis, extimus, qui reliquos omnes complectitur, Cic. Rep. 6, 17: circum caesura membrorum, Lucr. 3, 219; 4, 647: promontorium Oceani, Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 1: gentes, id. 2, 78, 80, § 190: factus sum extimus a vobis, i. e. discarded, estranged, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 609 P.—Subst.: Apuliae extima, the borders, Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 217.
extrēmus Copy link Outline 1 le plus à l'extérieur, extrême : la ville qui est le plus ...2 dernier :a) la fin d'une lettre ; à la dernière page du livre ; ...b) [n. sing. pris subst t ] : l'extrémité de la province, cf. ...c) [pl. n. ] : la fin de la colonne, l'arrière-garde ; les ...d) [expr. adv.] ad extremum, enfin, en dernier lieu : || extremo, enfin ...3 le dernier, qui est à l'extrémité, le pire : chacun de son ...4 le plus bas : les derniers des esclaves, cf. v. ultimus5 comparaison des parties d'un même objet entre elles : la fin d'un ... ⓘextrēmē: adverbialextrēme: masc/neut voc sg • extrēmus, a, um, superl. de exter (exterus), 1. le plus à l'extérieur, extrême : extremum oppidum Allobrogum est Genava Cæs. G. 1, 6, 3, la ville qui est le plus près de l'extérieur dans le pays des Allobroges est Genève 2. dernier : a) extrema pars epistolæ Cic. Att. 6, 1, 20, la fin d'une lettre ; in codicis extrema cera Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 92, à la dernière page du livre ; mensis extremus anni Cic. Leg. 2, 54, le dernier mois de l'année ; manus extrema non accessit operibus ejus Cic. Br. 126, il ne mit pas la dernière main à ses ouvrages ; extremum illud est, ut te orem... Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 7, il me reste, pour finir, à te prier... ; extremi, ōrum, m., Cæs. G. 5, 10, 2, les derniers, l'arrière-garde ; b) [n. sing. pris substt] : extremum provinciæ Cæs. G. 1, 10, 5, l'extrémité de la province, cf. Cic. Div. 2, 91 ; Læl. 14, etc. ; ad extremum Cic. Cæc. 46, jusqu'à la fin, cf. Fin. 4, 32 ; Clu. 6 ; [mais ad extremum Liv. 23, 2, 4 = au dernier point] ; in extremo Cic. Vat. 40, finalement, en fin de compte ; quod erat in extremo Cic. Att. 6, 9, 1, ce qui était à la fin de ta lettre ; nil autem melius extremo Cic. Tusc. 1, 99, mais rien n'est supérieur à la fin [des paroles de Socrate] ; ab extremo orsi Liv. 1, 28, 2, [les hérauts] commençant par le point le plus éloigné || æstatis ejus extremo Liv. 26, 20, 7, à la fin de cet été ; c) [pl. n.] : extrema agminis Liv. 6, 32, 11, la fin de la colonne, l'arrière-garde ; imperii extrema Tac. Ann. 4, 74, les extrémités de l'empire ; d) [expr. adv.] ad extremum, enfin, en dernier lieu : Cic. Div. 2, 85 ; de Or. 2, 79 ; Att. 2, 21, 2 ; Cæs. G. 4, 4, 2 || extremo, enfin : Nep. Ham. 2, 3 ; Suet. Vesp. 7 || extremum, pour la dernière fois : Virg. En. 9, 484 ; Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 51 3. le dernier, qui est à l'extrémité, le pire : pro se quisque etiam in extremis suis rebus... Cæs. G. 2, 25, 3, chacun de son côté, quoique dans un péril extrême... ; in extrema spe salutis Cæs. G. 2, 27, 3 ; 2, 33, 4, n'ayant presque plus d'espoir de se sauver ; ad extremum casum perduci Cæs. G. 3, 5, 1, être amené à la dernière extrémité || ad extremum reservare consilium Cæs. G. 3, 3, 4, réserver une résolution pour la dernière extrémité ; vita in extremum adducta Tac. Ann. 14, 61, vie mise en péril extrême ; res publica in extremo sita est Sall. C. 52, 11, la république est au bord de l'abîme ; ad extrema descendere Pollio d. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4 ; venire Liv. 2, 47, 7, en venir aux dernières extrémités ; extrema pati Virg. En. 1, 219, supporter les choses dernières [c.-à-d. la mort], être mort 4. le plus bas : extrema mancipia Sen. Ep. 70, 25, les derniers des esclaves, cf. Liv. 22, 29, 8 ; Luc. 1, 314 ; v. ultimus Sen. Const. 13, 3 5. comparaison des parties d'un même objet entre elles : extrema oratio Cic. de Or. 1, 41, la fin d'un discours ; in extremo ponte Cæs. G. 6, 29, 3, à l'extrémité du pont ; extremum agmen Cæs. G. 2, 11, 4, la fin de l'arrière-garde ; in extrema India Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 166, au fond de l'Inde ; extrema impedimenta Cæs. G. 3, 29, 2, la queue des bagages ; extrema hieme Cic. Pomp. 35, à la fin de l'hiver. ➳ comp. extremius Apul. M. 1, 8 ; 7, 2 ; Tert. Anim. 33 || sup. extremissimi Tert. Apol. 19.
extremus Copy link ⓘextrēmē: adverbialextrēme: masc/neut voc sg EXTREMVS a, um. Adi. [ἄκρος, ὕστατος] Superl. ab Exter, vel Exterus, vt Postremus, Supremus. […] 🗁 Page Scan
extremum Copy link ⓘextrēme: neut voc sg EXTREMVM Adu. Idem. Ouid. Trist. 1, 3, 15. Stat. Theb. 10, 935.
extreme (adj.) Copy link Outline I. Lit. farthest, outermost1. extrēmus, extĭmus2. ultĭmus (esp. poet.)II. Fig.1. summus2. ultĭmus (stronger than preced., as if at the very end of the scale)3. extrēmus4. ingens, ntis (in looser sense, unusually great) • extreme (adj.): I. Lit. farthest, outermost: 1. extrēmus, extĭmus: the e. town of the Allobroges, extremum oppidum Allobrogum, Caes.: Cic. 2. ultĭmus (esp. poet.): Hor.: v. last. Phr.: the e. end of the line, novissimum agmen, Caes. II. Fig.: exceeding ordinary limits: 1. summus: e. old-age, s. senectus, Cic.: e. justice (is) e. injustice (prov.), s. jus s. injuria, Cic.: e. danger, s. periculum, Cic. 2. ultĭmus (stronger than preced., as if at the very end of the scale): e. danger, u. discrimen, Liv.: these seem to me to be the very e. of evils, haec mihi videntur ultima esse in malis, Brut. in Cic.: e. (capital) punishment, u. supplicium, Caes.: Liv. 3. extrēmus: e. hunger, ex. fames, Caes. (appy. not so in Cic.): that e. measure, illud ex. atque ultimum S. C., Caes. B. C. 1, 5. 4. ingens, ntis (in looser sense, unusually great): v. immense.
extreme (subs.) Copy link • extreme (subs.): expr. by summus, extrēmus, ultĭmus: the e. of contumely, extrema contumelia, Brut. in Cic.: what was the e. of freedom, quid ultimum in libertate esset, Tac.: to have recourse to e.s, descendere ad extrema, Cic.: v. preced. art. Phr.: (the rule) to avoid e.s, ut ne quid nimis, Ter. And. 1, 1, 34: they run to the other e., in contraria currunt, Hor. S. 1, 2, 24.
EXTREME Copy link • EXTREME 1. adj., extremus (that is furthest from me; hence, figuratively, extreme, i. e., commanded by necessity, departing from the usual custom): ultimus (the last in a real or supposed series; hence, figuratively, the last that still remains after others; that one can think of only after the others): summus (the highest; hence, figuratively, that exceeds or surpasses everything; that can be surpassed by nothing): extreme part, pars extrema: extreme danger, ultimum discrimen; summum periculum. An extreme remedy, anceps auxilium (☞ Cels., 2, 10). Extreme remedies must be tried in extreme cases, si periturus sit, qui laborat, nisi temeraria quoque via, fuerit adjutus... satius est anceps auxilium experiri, quam nullum (Cels., 2, 10): to be brought into extreme danger, in ultimum discrimen adduci; in summum periculum vocari: extreme misfortune, extremum malorum; extremus casus: extreme need, summae angustiae; extremes res; extrema or ultima (dangerous state); ultimum or extremum inopiae; summa inopia (extreme want): to fall into extreme poverty, venire ad ultimum or extremum inopiae: on account of the extreme cold, propter vehementiam frigoris (Vitr.). Extreme unction, *extrema unctio (technical term). 2. s. By adjective, summus. The extreme of right is the extreme of wrong, summum jus summa injuria. To run into extremes, *modum excedere in contrarias partes; nimis vehementem esse in utramque partem; plus minusve facere (Vid: Ter., Heaut., 3, 1, 31; Phorm., 3, 3, 21, Ruhnken).