from Copy link Outline A. expr. by a prep.1. most usu. equivalent, ā (only before consonants), ăb (chiefly before vowels), abs (rare and only before t, q)2. dē, with abl. (denoting strictly descent from a point above, but used in other senses) (a). of place3. ex, before consonants ē, with abl. (= from within, out of4. propter (only of cause)B. expr. by a case without prep.1. ablative2. dative3. genitiveC. by an adv. of place1. the advv. formed from demonstrative prons. and other words, to denote the place f. which2. the advv. of time; esp. inde, f. that time • from: A. expr. by a prep.: 1. most usu. equivalent, ā (only before consonants), ăb (chiefly before vowels), abs (rare and only before t, q): with abl.: (a). of place: he came f. the shores of Troy, Trojae venit ab oris, Virg.: f. his toe-nails to his very crown, ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum, Cic they are not far f. the territories of the Tolosates, non longe a Tolosatium finibus absunt, Caes.: to be carried far away f. land, procul a terra abripi, Cic. (v. FAR FROM): at a distance of 15 miles f. (the enemy), a millibus passuum quindecim, Caes.: and fig. of any kind of separation: to secure the city f. conflagration, ab incendio urbem munire, Sall.: to defend a citizen f. danger, civem a periculo defendere, Cic.: to keep oneself f. falling, se a lapsu sustinere, Liv. free f. all expense, ab omni sumptu liber, Cic.: to differ widely f. the customs of Gaul, multum a Gallica consuetudine differre, Caes.: what does this differ f. that, quid hoc ab illo differt? Cic. (b). of time: they were drinking f. the third hour, ab hora tertia bibebatur, Cic.: f. the very beginning, jam inde a principio, Pl.: all the way from Romulus, usque a Romulo, Cic.: f. sunrise till late in the day, ab sole orto in multum diei, Liv.: f. a boy, f. a little boy, a parvo, a parvulo, etc., Liv.: Ter.: so, to begin f. (where we say with) Jove, a Jove incipere, Cic. (c). of source, origin, or motive: a thing which derives its origin f. itself, quod ipsum a se oritur, Cic.: to derive one's origin f. ..., originem ducere ab ..., Hor.; originem trahere ab ..., Plin. (v. to derive): to do a thing f. singular affection for any one, a [in this sense, more usu. ex, propter, pro: v. because of] singulari amore facere aliquid, Balb. in Cic. Att. 9, 7, B: Liv. (passim). 2. dē, with abl. (denoting strictly descent from a point above, but used in other senses) (a). of place: he issues a proclamation f. the tribunal, de tribunali pronuntiat, Cic.: she bawls aloud from the street, clamat de via, Ter. Andr. 3, 2, 11 (a via would imply that she was away from the street): to emigrate f. their own territories, de suis finibus exire, Caes. B. G. 1, 2: a declaimer f. the schools, declamator de schola, Cic. (b). of time (rare): f. the very beginning, de principio, Cic. Sull. 24, fin. (but a principio is more usual): to look out f. day to day, diem de die prospectare, Liv. 5, 48: to put a thing off f. day to day, diem de die differre, Liv. 25, 25. (c). of change from former state or condition: f. (being) a temple to become a prison, de templo carcerem fieri, Cic. Phil. 5, 7, init.: to make a man a prisoner f. a king, aliquem captivum de rege facere, Just. 7, 2. (d). of material: v. of. (e). of cause or motive: gait slow f. his wound, passus de vulnere tardus, Ov.: f. which cause, qua de causa, Caes.: Cic.: v. for, on account of. 3. ex, before consonants ē, with abl. (= from within, out of: comp. de, supr. 2, a): they followed Caesar f. the capital (where he had been), Caesarem ex urbe secuti sunt, Caes.: to take water f. a petty spring, aquam ex fonticulo sumere, Hor. S. 1, 1, 55 (but just before, magno de flumine, as denoting the source): lightning sent f. the sky, fulmen e coelo demissum, Lucr.: to dismount f. one's horse, ex equo desilire, Caes. (but de rheda desilire, Cic. Mil. 10, 29): to plead one's cause f. prison, ex vinculis causam dicere, Caes. B. G. 1, 4: to espy f. the higher ground, ex [= de] loco superiori conspicari, Caes. B. G. 2, 26: f. on horse-back, ex equis, Caes. B. G. 1, 43. (b). of time, denoting a more immediate connexion than ab: f. this time forward, ex hoc tempore, Cic. Quint. 5, fin.: f. the time when [ever since] he was a hostage at Rome, ex quo obses Romae fuit, Liv. 40, 5: f. your youth (upward), ex [more usu. a] tua adolescentia: f. that day to this, ex ea die ad hanc diem, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12, 34: Hor. Od. 2, 1, 1: to keep waiting f. day to day, diem ex die exspectare, Cic. Att. 7, 26, ad fin. (c). of change f. a former condition: f. being my slave I made you my freed-man, feci e servo ut esses libertus mihi, Ter. Andr. 1, 1, 10: Cic. (d). of material: the flour made f. beans, ex faba farina, Cels.: v. of. (e). of source, origin, cause, motive: elephants f. India, ex India elephanti, Liv.: he directed that the city should be called Rome f. his own name, urbem e [de] suo nomine Romam nominari jussit, Cic. Rep. 2, 7: ill f. a wound, ex vulnere aeger, Cic. Rep. 2, 21: f. the excessive power of sovereigns arises the overthrow of princes, ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum, Cic. Rep. 1, 44: f. which it follows, ex quo fit, efficitur, Cic. Rep. 1, 43, etc. 4. propter (only of cause): v. because of. B. expr. by a case without prep.: 1. ablative: (a). of motion from a place: f. home, f. the country, domo, rure, Cic.: simly, in the case of names of towns and small islands, see L. G. § 261. (b). of origin, after ortus, ŏriundus, sătus, etc. (L. G. § 310): sprung f. the equestrian order, equestri loco natus, Cic.: thou sprung f. Saturn, orte Saturno, Hor.: v. descended. (c). of cause (L. G. § 311, sqq.): to be pale f. loss of blood, amisso sanguine pallere, Ov.: to do a thing f. a kind of hatred of one's fellow-men, odio quodam hominum aliquid facere, Sall.: to redden f. the sun's rays, solis radiis rubescere, Virg. 2. dative: (a). of remoter object, after verbs signifying to take away from any one: Caesar took f. Deiotarus his kingdom, Caesar Deiotaro regnum eripuit, Cic.: to wring tears f. a man, lacrimas alicui excutere, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 115: v. to take away, etc. (b). after verbs signifying to differ f., as distare, discrepare (rare and poet.): v. to differ. 3. genitive: (a). after a subs. or adj. signifying freedom or separation from: as, rest f. cares, requies curarum, Cic. (v. L. G. § 263): free f. all dangers, expers omnium periculorum, Cic. (v. L. G. § 276, Obs. 2). (b). after a verb of separation (rare and poet.): released f. toil, solutus operum, Hor. Od. 3, 17, 16: cease f. complaints, desine querelarum, Hor. Od. 2, 9, 17: Pl. C. by an adv. of place: 1. the advv. formed from demonstrative prons. and other words, to denote the place f. which: as, f. this place (where I am), hinc: f. that place (where you are), istinc: f. that place (yonder), illinc: f. the said place, inde: cf. Cic. Att. 7, 21, init., eo die ego Capua discessi et mansi Calibus. Inde has literas dedi. f. what place, unde (v. L. G. p. 88, 3): v. hence, thence, whence. From all sides, undique, Cic.: Virg.: f. within, without, intrinsecus, extrinsecus, Cic. (v. within, without): f. the foundations, funditus, Cic. (v. foundation): f. afar, procul. (v. far.) 2. the advv. of time; esp. inde, f. that time: all along f. the beginning of this empire, jam inde a principio hujus imperii, Cic. prov. cons. 13, 33: f. his very cradle, jam inde ab incunabulis, Liv. 4, 36, fin. Miscell. phr. to increase f. day to day, in (singulos) dies crescere, Cic. (v. daily): to go round f. tent to tent, tentoria circumire, Tac. Ann. 1, 28, med.: f. family to family, per familias (e. g. circumire), Pl. Truc. 2, 4, 56: f. district to district, per regiones, Col. 3, 21, init.: cf. per domos invitati, Liv. 1, 9, med.: I shall be obliged to you to congratulate your wife f. me, gratum mihi feceris si uxori tuae meis verbis eris gratulatus, Cic. Fam. 15, 8: Liv.: to hinder a person f. doing anything, aliquem prohibere, deterrere quominus, with subj.: v. to hinder, deter, etc. (v. L. G. § 463).