because Copy link Outline 1. quĭă2. quod (less emphatic than quia)3. propterea quod (more precise than quod alone)4. pro eo quod (for pro in this sense v. ACCORDING TO) • because: N.B. The various Latin equivalents for this conjunction are foll. by either the indic. or the subj. in accordance with the general principles which regulate the use of the moods. 1. quĭă: the city is named Neapolis b. it was built last, urbs, quia postrema aedificata est, Neapolis nominatur, Cic.: no one avoids pleasure merely b. it is pleasure, but b. great pains befall those who know not how to pursue pleasure rationally, nemo ipsam voluptatem, quia voluptas sit, fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt, Cic.. Virg. 2. quod (less emphatic than quia): the city was named Tyche b. there was a temple of Fortune in it, urbs quod in ea Fortunae fanum fuit, Tyche nominata est, Cic.: Caesar answered that he had the less hesitation b. he remembered those things, Caesar respondit eo sibi minus dubitationis dari, quod eas res memoria teneret, Caes.: v. that (conj.) 3. propterea quod (more precise than quod alone): they said that they intended to march through the province (simply) b. they had no other road, dixerunt sibi esse in animo iter per provinciam facere p. quod aliud iter haberent nullum, Caes. 4. pro eo quod (for pro in this sense v. according to): Hannibal had been invited by his hosts b. his name was in great renown with all, Hannibal pro eo quod ejus nomen erat magna apud omnes gloria, invitatus erat ab hospitibus, Cic. (For because of, expressed in Lat. by a prep., v. on account of; for.): v. since, as. N.B. The cause or reason is often expressed in Latin by a participial clause: Caesar sent a deputy into Epirus, b. he thought that the war would be prolonged, Caesar longius bellum ductum iri existimans, in Epirum legatum misit, Caes.: the Gauls could not fight with any ease, b. their left hands were hampered, Galli, sinistra impedita, satis commode pugnare non poterant, Caes.
BECAUSE Copy link • BECAUSEquia (ὅτι,” because,” introducing the real and primary cause): qaoniam (ἐπεί, “since,” “as,” denoting the ground and occasion): quod (often of a supposed ground held by another as opposed to one perceived and held to be the true one by ourselves: with subjunctive, it often states a apparent ground, in connection with quia which introduces the real one. Hence quod is found with the suljunctive more frequently than quia, especially of past time. Quod refers more to the mind of the speaker or person referred to; quia to the thing itself): cum (subjunetive), quando, quandoquidem (PROP. “when,” are often = “since,” “as”: as siquidem also is). ☞ The clause is made more emphatic by an ideo or idcirco in the other clause: ideo - quod or quia (not quoniam): idcirco - quod or quoniam (less commonly quia). The clause with quod, qoia, may precede. Propterea quod or quia (close together): qui, quippe qui (with subjunctive; e.g., when we went to bed, I fell into a sounder sleepthan usual, because I had sat up late, ut cubitum discessimus, me, qui ad multam noctem vigilassem, artior, quam solebat, somnus amplexus est: the brightness of the sun is greater than that of fire, because it gives light to the immense world far and wide, solis candor illustrior quam ullus ignis, quippe qui immenso mundo tam longe lateque colluceat). Sometimes “because” is rendered by an ablative absolute: the ancient Romans wished for monarchy, because they had not yet experienced the sweetness of liberty, Romani veteres reguari volebant, libertatis dulcedine nondum experta. Sometimes “because” is rendered by a participle: he could take no part in the war, because he was preventedby illness, morbo impeditus bello interesse non potuit. Dionysius always burned his beard, because he durst not trust his head to a barber, Dionysius cultros tonsorios metuens candenti carbone sibi adurebat capillum. I can not, because I am engaged, per negotia mihi non licet. Of a preventive cause, prae: to be scarcely heard, because of the noise, prae strepitu vix audiri. Because of (as a preposition) is generally rendered by propter or ob: also ergo (on account of, following a genitive governed by it).