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• quarter (subs.):

I. The fourth part of anything:

1. quarta pars (gen. term): a q. of their forces, q. pars copiarum, Caes. B. G. 1, 12: also quarta (subs.), esp. a q. of an estate, Quint. 8, 5, 19: Ulp. Dig. 5, 2, 8: (half a q., octava pars, Cic. Att. 15, 26): hence adj. quartānārĭus, cf. q. tabula, Pall. 2, 11.
2. quadrans, tis, m.: (prop. 1-4th of some unit of measure or weight): with gen., cf. q. diei noctisque, Plin. 18, 25, 57: a q. of the work, q. operis, Col. 2, 4: absol. (the unit being understood). a q. of a foot: 12-1/4 feet, pedes XII. et quadrantem, Gell. 3, 10: a q. of a pint (sextarius), cf. Mart. 9, 94, quadrantem (vers. 2) = sex cyathos (vers. 4): a q. of an acre, q. (sc. jugeri), Col. 5, 1: a q. of a pound: cf. mittebas libram; quadrantem, Garrice, mittis, Mart. 12, 105 (here of money, you promised a pound, and you only send a q.): with pondo (for weight), 1/4 lb. of balsam, amomi pondo q., Col. 12, 20: heir to a q. (of any estate), heres ex quadrante, Suet. Caes. 83: (so, heir to 3 q.s, heres ex dodrante, Cic. Caec. 6). Hence adj. quadrantālis, a table a q. of a foot thick, mensa crassitudine quadrantali, Plin. 13, 15, 29.
3. Vitruv. alone uses the Gk. tetrans, antis, m. (τετρᾶς = quadrans): Vitr. 3, 3, med.: gen. pl. heterocl., tetrantorum, ib.: tetrantes columnarum, id. 4, 2.
4. The Vulg. uses angŭlus, m. (for the sides or edges of a garment): thou shalt make thee fringes upon the four q.s (heb. wings) of thy vesture, per IV. angulos pallii tui, Deut. xxii. 12.--Particular uses:--(i.) a q. of corn (= 8 bushels), frumenti LXIV. modii (the modius = 1 peck, about): a q. of wheat, tritici LXIV. m. (cf. tritici modius, Cic. Div. Verr. 10, 30): (so much) per q., HS.--in modios LXIV. (cf. HS. II. in modios singulos, id. ib.). (ii.). A q. of an hour, horae quadrans: three q.s of an hour, horae dodrans, Plin. 2, 14, 11: a q. past, or to (a certain hour) (subdivisions not used by the Romans); perh. expr. thus, a q. past 12, *hora VI. et quadrans, or q. horae VII.; a q. to three, *dodrans horae IX. (iii.) A q. (of a year), spatium trimestre, Plin. 37, 10, 59. (trim. also as adj., a q.'s pay, etc.: v. quarterly): also, tres menses, quarta pars anni, and quadrans anni: three q.s of a year, dodrans anni, novem menses: a year and a q., annus et tres menses: every q., tertio quoque mense: every 3 q.s, nono quoque mense. (iv.) A q. of the body of an animal, (perh.) membrum, artus; in pl. with quatuor, if necess., or *quatuor partes (sing. quarta pars) corporis v. to quarter. (v.) The first and third q.s of the moon: (N.B. prop. said of the 's position in her orbit, not of her phases): no gen. class. term except luna dividua, Plin. 2, 18, 16: (terms somewhat indefinite), the moon in her first q., cava luna, Plin.: l. crescens, id.: l. nascens, Hor.: in her last q., l. decrescens, Plin.; l. senescens, Varr.: v. quadrature: phase.

II. In geography and meteorology, a q. of the heavens or horizon (prop. the 4 cardinal points, but extended to "all the q.s that they know i' the shipman's card," Shaksp.): hence gen. of geographical position or distribution:

1. Expr. the several q.s by names taken from the daily course of the Sun and (for the N.) the arctic constellations: cf. Mela, 1, 1: omne, cui Mundi et Coeli nomen indidimus ... partibus differt: unde (the q. whence) sol oritur Oriens nuncupatur aut Ortus; quo demergitur, Occidens vel Occasus; qua decurrit, Meridies; ab adversa parte (the opp. q.), Septemtrio; cf. ib. fin. (of the 3 q.s of the world, Africa, Europe, and Asia), quod terrarum (that q. of the world which): more gen., on 3 q.s or sides, tribus hanc (Asiam) e partibus tangit Oceanus, id. 2, init.: cf. ab oriente ad occidentem, Cic. N. D. 2, 66: oriens, tis, m., also for different q.s: the q. where the sun rises in summer (at the solstice), oriens aestivus, Plin. 17, 14, 24: cf. Orientem solstitialem aspiciant, Pallad. 1, 9: in winter, oriens hibernus, Col. 1, 6: in spring (at the vernal equinox), oriens vernus, Gell. 2, 22: so with occidens: let it be turned a little away fr. the q. of the winter sunset, paululum ab occidente avertatur hiemali, Pallad. 1, 8: for the S. q. (besides mĕrīdĭes, ēi, m.), use adj.: the S. q. of the world, meridianus orbis, Plin. 13, 4, 9: also v. inf. v. east, north, south, west).
2. Expr. by the names of the Winds (see sep. arts., and Smith's Class. Dict. s. v. venti): the Vulg. uses venti as a gen. term; in 4 quarters were the porters, etc., per IV. ventos erant ostiarii, id est, ad orientem, et ad occidentem, et ad aquilonem et ad austrum (cf. "To the four winds, four speedy cherubim."--Milton). As gen. terms use:
3. pars, tis, f.: for what we call a q. of the world: cf. Mela, l. c. s. No. 1: cf. Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 4: quum orbis terrae divisus sit in duas partes (into 2 q.s) ab Eratosthene, maxime secundum naturam ad meridiem versus et ad septentriones: et sine dubio quoniam salubrior pars septentrionalis quam meridiana (the N.ern q. is healthier than the S.ern): (N.B.--More specifically, illa pars = Asia, and haec pars = Europa, ib.):--(of aspect) the land (or a field) which looks to the S.ern q. of the heavens, ager qui spectat ad meridianam coeli partem, id. 1, 7: fr. all q.s, ex omnibus p., ib.: cf. meridianam partem respiciat, Pallad. 1, 8: in calidis provinciis pars potius Septemtrionis optanda est (a N. aspect), id. ib. 7: more gen. (the Helvetii are bounded) on the one q., etc., una ex parte, altera ex parte, tertia, Caes. B. G. 1, 2.
4. rĕgĭo, ōnis, f. (direction): (the Nile) rising from the furthest mid-day q. (i. e. the extreme S.), exoriens penitus media ab regione diei, Lucr. 6, 724: the N.ern q., the S.ern q., regio aquilonaris, australis, Cic. N. D. 2, 19, fin.: fr. the E.rn to the W.rn q.s of the earth, expr. poet. by surgente a sole ad eum quo vespertina tepet regio, Hor. S. 1, 4, 30: the q. within the arctic circle, regiones inter circulum septentrionalem (= ea parte, just below), Varr. 1, 2, 4: (perh.) for a q. of the world (Africa): deinde late vacat regio (or the particular q. of Africa in question), Mela, 1, 4, med.: (in wider sense) neu regio foret ulla suis animantibus orba (any q. of the earth), Ov. M. 1, 72: more specifically of a district; that Macedonia should be divided into 4 q.s, M. in IV. regiones dividi, Liv. 45, 29: v. district: tract: esp. a q. (or ward) of Rome (v. Dict. of Geog. art. Roma), and some other cities, Inscr. Orell. No. 6 (vicus, m. also in this sense, Cic. Mil. 24, 64: v. ward: street): in or through all q.s of the city: regionatim (adv.): cf. regionatim commerciis interruptis, Liv. 45, 30: (edidit) ludos regionatim Urbe tota, Suet. Caes. 39: vicatim (adv.): Suet. Caes. 41, med.: Sen. de Ira, 3, 18: a city divided into 4 q.s (or wards), quadrifariam urbs divisa, Liv.: through the crowded or most frequented q.s, per frequentia urbis loca, Sen.: also vicinia, f., a particular q. (of a city): Hor. S. 2, 5, 106: id. Ep. 1, 16, 44: Petron. 93: well-known through all that q., haud ignotus viciniae, Liv.
5. plăga, f. (lit. a surface, and used esp. for a zone): the N. q. of the world (in general), p. septentrionalis, Plin. 16, 32, 59: the inhabitants of the S. q. (= S. hemisphere), omnibus in meridiana plaga habitantibus, id. 2, 11, 8: a q. of the heavens, cf. coeli scrutantur plagas, Poet. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 13: the 4 winds from the 4 q.s of heaven, IV. ventis a IV plagis coeli, Vulg. Jer. xlix. 36: (of a district of country) cf. haec est plaga contra mare, ad occidentem, id. Josh. xviii. 14. N.B. The Vulg. also uses angŭlus (in class. writers only for a secluded place: cf. Ille terrarum mihi praeter omnes angulus ridet, Hor. Od. 2, 6, 14): the nations in the 4 q.s of the earth, gentes quae sunt super IV. angulos terrae, Rev. xx. 8: cf. vidi IV. angelos stantes super IV. angulos terrae, tenentes IV. ventos terrae, id. vii. 1.
6. lŏcus, i, m.: usu. in pl. lŏci, lŏcă: to gather into one q., in unum locum convenire, Cic. Att. 8, 6: through all q.s of the city, Romae per omnes locos, Sall. J. 30: cf. Galli qui ea loca incolerent, Caes. B. G. 2, 4: in those q.s, in illis locis, Vulg. Act. xvi. 3, xxviii. 7.
7. ōra, f. Join: quacumque in ora ac parte terrarum, Cic. N. D. 2, 66: poet., rex gelidae orae, Hor. 1, 26, 4: (of aspect), to what q.s shrubs ought to be exposed, quas in oras (arbusta) debeant spectare, Plin. 17, 2, 2.
8. fīnes, ium, m. and f.: v. border: territory: nor in all thy q.s, nec in cunctis fīnibus tuis, Vulg. Ex. xiii. 7.
9. terra, f., in pl.: cf. in quascunque terras, Cic. Rep. 2, 4: esp. as gen. partit.: that q. of the world which, quod terrarum, Mela, l. c., in No. 1: cf. No. 10.
10. Expr. by the pron. advs., eo, quo; ibi, ubi; inde, unde, etc., alone, or with terrarum or gentium (sometimes loci and -orum), as gen. partit.: (many exs. of the simple advs. in phrr. trans. by the Eng. advs.): to Rome or to any other q., Romam aliove quo, Liv. 38, 30: to what q., quo gentium, Pl. Bac. 4, 7, 33; quocunque, Hor. Od. 1, 7, 25; Cic. Verr. 5, 65: to whatever q. of the world, quoquo gentium, Pl. Merc. 5, 2, 17: cf. quoquo hinc asportabitur terrarum, certum est persequi, Ter. Ph. 3, 3, 18: from what q., unde gentium, Pl. Epid. 3, 4, 47: in what q. (colloq., where in the world), cf. ubi terrarum esses, ne suspicabar quidem, Cic. Att. 5, 10: in whatever q., ubicunque, Hor. Od. 3, 27, 13: ubicunque locorum vivitis, id. Ep. 1, 3, 34: ubicunque erit gentium, Cic. N. D. 1, 44, 121: qui ubicunque terrarum sunt, id. Phil. 2, 44, 113: in whatever q. of the wide world, Join, ubicunque terrarum et gentium violatum jus civium Romanorum sit, id. Verr. 5, 55, 143: in what q. of the world are we living? ubinam gentium sumus? id. Cat. 1, 4, 9: in no q. of the world, nusquam gentium, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 1: to whatever q. you please, quovis gentium, id. Heaut. 5, 1, 55: you dwell in a remote q., tu abes longe gentium, Cic. Att. 6, 3: from every q., undique: cf. omnes undique copiae conferuntur, Cic. Rep. 3, 17: they came to him from every q., conveniebant ad eum undique, Vulg. Marc. i. 45: to collect from all q.s, undique cogere (familiam), Caes. B. G. 1, 4: from what q. soever, undecunque: in tmesi; poet.; unde vacefit cunque locus, Lucr. 6, 1016: cf. undecunque moti sunt (fluctus), Sen. Vit. Beat. 27, med.: with gentium, undecunque gentium venissent, Vop. Firm. 14: expr. also by adjs.: Phr.: nor could the wind blow from any q. so as to prevent, neque ullus flare ventus poterat, quin, Caes. B. C. 3, 47. Expr. by the persons in the q.: while he passed through all q.s, dum pertransiret universos, Vulg. Act. ix. 32: and so with prop. names. Note, in the sense of direction the Vulg. uses via: every one to his q., unusquisque in viam suam erraverunt, Is. xlvii. 15 (cf. id. lvi. 11).

III. Hence abode, lodging, station (very rare in sing.): v. quarters.
IV. The grant of life to a conquered enemy: no specific word: the foll. may sometimes serve:

1. sălus, ūtis, f.: cf. they ask q., and, laying down their arms, throw themselves on the general's protection, *ab eo salutem petunt: armis positis ad imperatoris fidem confugiunt.
2. missio, ōnis, f. (letting go): they fought, neither asking nor giving q., sine missione pugnatum est, Flor. 3, 20, fin.: a gladiatorial show without q. (à outrance), spectaculum sine missione, Liv. 1, 20 and, in secondary sense, to grant q. to (= let off): cf. missionem puero dedit, Petr. 52.
3. vīta, f.: to grant q., vitam dare, Ov. (cf. Cic. Phil. 2, 3, 5): to beg or cry for q., vitam orare, Virg.: v. poscere, Ov.: pro vita orare (Phaedr.) or supplicare. to receive q., v. accipere: cf. cum libentius vitam victor jam daret, quam victi acciperent, Vell. 2, 52.
4. vĕnĭa, f. (pardon): cf. paucis data venia, qui inermes in deditionem venerunt (q. being given to a few who threw down their arms and asked it, Liv. 2, 30): cf. veniam impetrare a victoribus, id. 37, 45: it is but fair that one who cries for q. should grant it in his turn, aequum est veniam poscentem reddere rursus, Hor. S. 1, 3, 75 (adapted): and in secondary sense of forbearance (as, to give no q. to a crime): cf. cui non apud Senatum maximorum scelerum venia ad ignoscendum duci possit, Cic. Pis. 41, 98.
5. dēdĭtĭo, ōnis, f. (surrender, capitulation), with suitable verbs: to ask for q., in d. venire, Liv. l. c. No. 4, d. facere (hosti), Sall.: to grant q., in d. accipere, Caes. B. G. 1, 28: recipere, id. ib. 3, 21.
6. To give or grant q.: parco, pĕperci (parsi), parcĭtum (parsum) 3, alicui, or vitae alicujus: cf. p. subjectis, Virg. Aen. 6, 854: cf. petunt atque orant ut sibi parcat, Caes. B. G. 6, 9: to give no q., nemini p., Curt.: cf. non aetate confectis, non mulieribus, non infantibus pepercerunt, Caes. B. G. 7, 28. The exclamation, Quarter! *parce! parcite! (by analogy).
7. Other Phrr.: (i.) To ask for q., manus dare: cf. manus vobis do, Pl. Pers. 5, 2, 72: cf. aut vicissent, aut victi manum dedissent, Nep. Ham. 1: manum tollĕre (to lift up the hand in sign of surrender): cf. cedo, et tollo manum, Cic. frag. in Lact. 3, 28: manus tendĕre: cf. ad legatos atque exercitum supplices manus tendunt, Caes. B. C. 2, 11: cf. (fig.) vobis supplex manus tendit patria communis, Cic. Cat. 4, 9, 18: to cry for q. while still unhurt, cf. partim interficiuntur, partim integri procumbunt, Caes.: (ironically) till he cries for q. with uplifted hands, donec "Ohe jam!" ad coelum manibus sublatis, dixerit, Hor. S. 2, 5, 96. (ii.) To give q.: he granted q. to the rest, a ceteris abstinuit, Liv. (iii.) To give no q., neminem vivum relinquĕre, id.: no q. was given, non in proeliis temperatum est, id.: Phrr. with caedo, caedes, internecio: he urged his soldiers to kill and give no q., orabat insisterent caedibus, Tac. A. 2, 21: no q. being given, omnibus caesis, Liv.: as q. was given neither to age nor sex, promiscua omnium generum caede, id. 2, 30: no q. was given to a single man, ad internecionem caesi sunt, id. 9, 26: they fought without q. on either side, armis inter se ad internecionem concurrerunt, Suet. Oth. 12.

• quarter (v.), also the subs. in phrr. = verb:

I. To divide into 4 parts, or q.s (and sometimes indef. = to part: cf. to divide: to cut: to cleave, etc.): expr. by verbs of these meanings, usu. with in IV. partes, quadrĭfărĭam, adv., or quadrĭfĭdus (adj.), as:

A. In gen. sense:

1. dīvĭdo, vīsi, vīsum, 3: quadrifariam div.: cf. conjurati quadrifariam se diviserunt, Liv. 38, 1 in IV. partes div. (like Gallia in III. partes divisa est, Caes. B. G. 1, 1: vicus in II. partes flumine dividebatur, id. ib. 3, 1): cf. qui (fluvius) inde dividitur in IV. capita, Vulg. Gen. ii. 10: cf. diviserunt sibi (among them) vestimenta mea, Vulg. Ps. xxi. 9 (xxii. 18), compared with id. Matt. xxvii. 35; Marc. xv. 24; Luc. xxiii. 34; Joh. xix. 23, et fecerunt IV. partes.
2. dispertĭo, īvi or ĭi, ītum, 4, to q. in the way of distribution: (and sometimes the simple partĭo): cf. epulas trifariam semper, interdum quadrifariam dispertiebat, Suet. Vit. 13: (fig., to divide into 4 heads), cf. ea quae ad mortales pertinent quadrifariam dispertirem, in homines, in loca, in tempora, in res, Varr. in Non. 92, 16.
3. distrĭbŭo, ŭi, ūtum, 3: in IV. partes dist. (like reliquum populum distribuit in V. classes, Cic. Rep. 2, 22: copias in III. partes, Caes. B. G. 6, 32: cf. No. II.).

B. By violent action: to cut, cleave, tear, etc., into q.s: Esp. to q. the human body, and usu. as a mode of execution: (including the gen. sense of cutting up, or tearing limb from limb: cf. to dismember).

1. scindo, scĭdi, scissum, 3: he cleft the oak into 4 q.s with wedges, quadrifidam quercum cuneis scindebat, Virg. Aen. 7, 509: cf. Vulg. Joh. xix. 23, non scindamus eam (tunicam): also comp. discindo. Also findo, 3; and comp. diffindo.
2. sĕco, ŭi, ctum, 1. Join. to q. and divide among them the body, secare atque partiri corpus (of a debtor to several creditors), Gell. 20, 1: comp. dissĕco (like, multos medios dis. Suet. Cal. 27), and gen. expr. by verbs signifying to cut: cf. corpus in partes (IV.) concidere, Petron. 141, 2.
3. dīvĭdo, 3. Join: si omne animal secari ac dividi potest (cut up and q.'d), Cic. N. D. 3, 12 (adapted): to chop into 4 q.s, quadrifariam aliquem securi div. (by analogy to Hor. S. 1, 1, 100, at hunc liberta securi divisit medium).
4. distrăho, xi, ctum, 3: esp. of the case of Mettius Fufetius (though, strictly, he was halved, not q.'d, but the idea is exactly parallel): v. Liv. 1, 28, and Varr. in Non. 287, 22: your body shall be severed into q.s, corpus passim distrahendum dabis, Liv. l. c.: to q. a criminal and expose the q.s: cf. in partes duas [substitute IV.] distractum ab utroque viae latere posuit, Sen. de Ira, 5, 16, fin. Join: membra divellere ac distrah., Cic. Sull. 20, ad fin.
5. dīrīpĭo, ŭi, reptum, 3, to tear in q.s: cf. Pentheum diripuisse aiunt Bacchas, Pl. Merc. 2, 4, 1: cf. Sunt membra viri manibus direpta nefandis, Ov. M. 3, 731.
6. discerpo, psi, ptum, 3, to tear a person into q.s, aliquem, Liv. 1, 16: a carcass, cadaver, Suet. Dom. 15: a bird, avem, id. Caes. 81: cf. membra gruis, disc., Hor. S. 2, 8, 86. Join (fig.), animus nec secerni nec dividi nec discerpi nec distrahi potest, Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71.
7. lăcĕro, 1: to q. slowly limb by limb, paulatim et per singulos artus lac., Sen. de Ira, 3, 18: and dīlăcĕro: also lănĭo, 1, and dīlănĭo (to rend in q.s, rare).
8. dĕartŭo, 1, to q. limb from limb (very rare): (fig.) Pl. Capt. 3, 4, 108: cf. id. ib. 3, 5, 14.
9. excarnĭfĭco, 1 (rare): Cic. N. D. 3, 33, ad fin.: Suet. Vit. 17;

II. Trans.: to provide q.s for (a person, army, etc.), intr. to take up one's q.s with, to be q.'d upon: v. quarters.
III. In heraldry: to q. arms:

A. of the herald, *insignia per scutum ordinare, dividere, disponere, partiri:
B. of the bearer, *insignia sumere; sibi accommodare; in scutum suum reponere.

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