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• indeed:

I. Implying that the thing is so: in point of fact:

1. quĭdem (enclitic; usu. implying some restriction or contrast: v. inf. IV.): this was (said) too angrily i., and very intemperately, nimis iracunde hoc q., et valde intemperanter, Cic. Ph. 1, 5, 12. With verbs in the 1st pers. sing., and sometimes others, ĕquĭdem is used: indeed, I have never sent one letter home without there being another to you, eq. nunquam domum misi unam epistolam, quin esset ad te altera, Cic. Fam. 2, 10, med.
2. ădeo (usu. denoting a heightened emphasis or climax: also enclitic): they hint this, and i. [more than that] openly show, hoc significant, atque a. aperte ostendunt, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 60, 148: that i. (in fact) you may learn from the decree of the Senate, id a. ex S. consulto cognoscite, Cic. Verr. 4, 64, 143.
3. ĕnim, ĕnimvēro: v. fact (in).

II. Emphatic: in very truth:

1. prŏfecto (assuredly): it is not so, judges; it is not i., non est ita judices, non est profecto! Cic. Fl. 22, 53: now i. you are at Rome, nunc quidem (νῦν γε) pr. Romae es! Cic. Att. 6, 5, init.
2. vērē: v. truly.
3. sānē (in this sense chiefly colloq.): what you write has i. alarmed me, quod scribis s. me commovit, Cic. Fam. 2, 19: sometimes strengthened by quam: cf. Cael. in Cic. Fam. 8, 10, init., sane quam literis sumus commoti: Cic.
4. vēro (esp. in reply to something): cf. Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 26, fuisti saepe, credo, in scholis philosophorum?--Vero; ac libenter quidem, indeed I have; and with pleasure too: often strengthened by immo: tell me now, are you quite agreed?--Yes, indeed I am, Da mi nunc, satisne probas?--Immo vero, Cic. Acad. 1, 3, 10: sometimes vero is thus used at the beginning of a passage, when something is presupposed: cf. Cic. Fam. 16, 10, init., ego vero cupio te ad me venire, I do indeed desire you to come to me: where the letter is in answer to one received.
5. dēmum (esp. after is, ille; or a pron. adv.: strictly, an adv. of time, at length, in short): that is i. true friendship, ea d. vera est amicitia, Sall. Cat. 20: Cic.: then i. (and not till then), tunc (tum) d., Sen. Ep. 121, 3: those things are i. intolerable, ea sunt enim d. non ferenda, Cic. Rep. 2, 15. Less freq. with other words: he is i. forgetful, immemor est d., Ov. Met. 15, 122.
6. dēnĭque (like preced. but rare): that i. I am wont to deem an honour, is d. honos mihi videri solet, Cic. Fam. 10, 10.

III. Expressing surprise:

1. vērōnĕ (veron') = is it so, indeed? cf. Pl. Truc. 2, 2, 47: ego non hunc novi adolescentem vostrum.--Veron'? Indeed? you don't say so!
2. ain' = aisne? or strengthened ain' tu? ain' tandem? ain' vero? = indeed! do you really say so? cf. Pl. Am. 1, 1, 191: Cic. Fam. 9, 21, init.: v. Dr. Smith's Lat. Dict. s. v. AIO (IV.).

IV. Concessive:

1. quĭdem (enclitic = Gr. γέ); foll. by sed, autem (at) tamen, veruntamen: you do not i. hate, but assuredly do not approve, non tu q. oderis, sed certe non probes, Cic. Fin. 1, 5, 14: cf. ib. § 16, quum miraretur ille quidem utrumque, Phaedrum autem etiam amaret: a stronger opposition is expr. by at, sed tamen, veruntamen, Cic.: cf. Tursellin. s. v.
2. ĕquĭdem (usu. = ego quidem: v. supr. I.): cf. Cic. Fam. 11, 14, habes, ut scribis, obtrectatores; quos equidem (I indeed, for my part) facillime sustineo, sed impediunt tamen: Sall. Cat. 51, med., de poena possumus equidem dicere ... sed, per deos immortales, etc.

• INDEED

Emphatical = in truth, etc., profecto (it is a fact, assuredly; e.g., non est ita, judices, non est profecto): sane (preceding or following the word it refers to: often with adjectives; opportuna sane facultas: odiosum sane genus hominum: judicare difficile est sane). I was, indeed exceedingly glad, sane quam sum gavisus. Sometimes after haud non; I do not, indeed, understand, haud sane intelligo): vere (truly; with truth, e.g., a Christian indeed, *vere Christianus): anybody is, indeed, a scholar, aliquis est plane perfecteque eruditus.
In this way it is often used in answers, sane: etiam: vero: ita: ita est: sic est: certe: recte. Do you wish, etc.? I do, indeed, visne...? Sane quidem, often with repetition of the verb; dasne? etc. I do sane. [Pr. Intr., ii., 147, 148.]
As used in answers to express surprise, often with irony: veron’? itane vero? (e.g., non novi adolescentem vostrum. veron’? Serio, Plaut., Truc., 2, 2, 47) ain’ tu? (ironical).
Restrictive (opposing a person or thing spoken of to others), quidem: equidem (the latter as an affirmation made by a speaker about himself or things relating to himself: its use with any but the first person being exceptional, it is better to avoid such use. It is very common with puto, arbitror, credo, scio [Pr. Intr., ii., 552- 555]).
Concessive: indeed, ... but yet, quidem... sed tamen (e.g., that is a poor consolation indeed, but, etc., misera est quidem illa consolatio, sed tamen, etc.): etsi... tamen (e.g., etsi non sum doctus, tamen intelligo, I am not, indeed a learned man, but yet I understand, etc.): non... ille quidem... sed (tamen): sometimes autem, verum, veruntamen (especially when of two attributes one is conceded; bellum non injustum illud quidem, suis tamen chibus exitiabile: philosophi minime mali illi quidem, sed, etc. So with adverbs, enucleate ille quidem, et polite, ut solebat, nequaquam autem, etc. Sometimes with verbs, joco uti quidem illo licet, sed, etc.). The ille quidem are sometimes omitted; e.g., cum S. Naevio, viro bono, veruntamen non ita instituto, ut, etc.

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