enemy Copy link Outline 1. hostis, is, c. (public; i. e. of the state)2. ĭnĭmīcus, f. (a personal foe)3. in antiquated language, perduellis, is, m.4. adversārius (in Cic. an opponent, q. v.) • enemy: 1. hostis, is, c. (public; i. e. of the state): the senate adjudges Catiline and Manlius e.s, senatus Catilinam et Manlium hostes judicat, Sall. Cat. 36: a fair and lawful e. (i. e. one declared to be such according to international law), justus et legitimus h., Cic. Off. 3., 29, fin.: in military language the plur. is generally used of troops: he set out for the camp of the e., ad castra hostium (not hostis) profectus, Liv. 21, 46, et passim. But the sing. may be used of the men as individual combatants or collectively (cf. L. G. § 590): mistake not either the nature of the war or your e., ne genus belli, neve hostem ignoretis, Liv. 21, 40: to bear to look the e. in the face, aspectum hostis sustinere, Curt. Instead of the gen. the adjj. hostīlis, hostĭcus may sometimes be used: the fear of the e., metus hostilis, Sall. Jug. 41, init.: the threats of the e., minae hostiles, Tac.: cf. Cic. Off. 3, 29, 108: "conditiones pactionesque bellicas et hostiles:" the territory of the e., ager hosticus, Liv.: Hor. Fig.: the married lady is an e. to the mistress, nupta meretrici hostis est, Ter. 2. ĭnĭmīcus, f. (a personal foe): to have a quarrel with a personal e., cum in. concertare, Cic.: to be one's own enemy, ipsi sibi in. esse, Cic.: a very bitter e. to, inimicissimus with dat.: v. hostile. The character of inimicus and hostis may be united, sibi esse inimicum et hostem, Cic. Fin. 5, 10, 29: simly, the hostis may be at the same time inimicus: thus Cic. calls Antony reipublicae bonisque omnibus inimicus, Phil. 12, 9, 23. 3. in antiquated language, perduellis, is, m.: cf. Cic. Off. 1., 12, init. 4. adversārius (in Cic. an opponent, q. v.): to be surrounded by the superior numbers of the e., multitudine adversariorum circumiri, Nep. Dat. 6: Curt.: Suet. Phr.: to be an e. to peace, abhorrere a pace, Caes. (v. averse, to be): a bitter e. to, infestus atque inimicus (v. hostile): they were old-standing (personal) e.s of Caesar's, veteres inimicitias cum Caesare gerebant, Caes. B. C. 1, 4: such an e. to the Muses, tam aversus a Musis, Cic. Arch. 9, 20.