confusion Copy link Outline I. Mixture of several things1. confūsio2. Usu. better expr. by means of verbII. Tumult, disorder1. confūsio2. perturbātioIII. Loss of self-possession, shame1. stŭpor2. pŭdor (with something in the context to show the degree of shame) • confusion: I. Mixture of several things: 1. confūsio: c. of religions, religionum c., Cic. 2. Usu. better expr. by means of verb: as, to introduce c. amongst the clans, discrimina gentium confundere, Liv.: by a c. of meanings, *diversis in unum confusis sententiis: v. to confuse. II. Tumult, disorder: 1. confūsio: disorder follows, and great c., perturbatio sequitur et magna c., Cic. 2. perturbātio: v. disorder. Very often in phr., to throw into c. (1) misceo, cui, stum and xtum, 2: to throw everything into c., omnia m., Cic.: Vell. (2). permisceo, 2: to throw everything into utter c., omnia p., Cic.: all laws divine and human are thrown into c., omnia divina humanaque jura permiscentur, Caes. Both words often in combination with turbare: as, to throw everything into c. and disorder, miscere et turbare omnia, Cic. (3). turbo, perturbo, 1: v. supra. III. Loss of self-possession, shame: 1. stŭpor: all were speechless with c., s. silentiumque omnes defixit, Liv. 6, 40, init.: cf. to confuse (II.). 2. pŭdor (with something in the context to show the degree of shame): to overwhelm a person with c., *aliquem pudore defixum tenere: v. amazement.