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Gallia est omnis dīvīsa in partēs trēs, quārum ūnam incolunt Belgae.

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Contents (24 senses)
S&H Smith & Hall (1)
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Source & Attribution
Digitized by Distributed Proofreaders from William Smith and Theophilus D. Hall, A Copious and Critical English-Latin Dictionary (1871), and generously placed into the public domain.
break (v.) Copy link
Outline
• break (v.):
  1. A. Trans.:
    1. I. To divide forcibly:
      1. 1. frango, frēgi, fractum, 3 the golden ring was broken, anulus aureus fractus est, Cic.: to b. a dish, patinam f., Hor.. to b. an arm, brachium f., Cic.: to b. the necks of citizens, cervices civium f., Cic.
      2. 2. confringo, 3 (b. in pieces, q. v.; b. completely): to b. the fingers, digitos c., Cic.
      3. 3. diffringo, 3 (rare) to b. the legs (in several places), crura d, Pl: Suet.
      4. 4. infringo, 3 (prop. to b. upon something; rare): to b. a pot about anyone's head, aulam in caput (alicui) in., Pl. (fr.).
      5. 5. perfringo, 3 (b. through or thoroughly): the stone having been broken, the lots sprang out, perfracto saxo sortes erupere, Cic.
      6. 6. rĕfringo, 3 (to b. back or open) to b. off the point of a claw, mucronem unguis r., Plin.: to b. off a bough (by bending it), ramum r., Virg.. v. to break open.
      7. 7. suffringo, 3 (to b. below; hence esp of the legs): to b. anyone's shins, talos alicui s., Pl.: to b. anyone's legs, crura alicui s., Cic. Phr. to b. one's head with a plank, caput tabula dirumpere, Pl. Ter.: the enemy broke ground before our camp, *hostes opera pro castris nostris facere instituerunt. he pointed out with broken and dying words how great a storm threatened the city, significabat interruptis atque morientibus vocibus quanta impenderet procella urbi, Cic.
    2. II. To weaken, lessen the force of, subdue:
      1. 1. frango, 3: I alone crushed and broke the audacity of the brigand, ego unus contudi et fregi praedonis audaciam, Cic.: v. to enfeeble.
      2. 2. infringo, 3: to b. the spirits of the enemy, animos hostium inf., Liv.: that the first onset and violence of the soldiers might be broken, ut primus incursus et vis militum infringeretur, Caes.
      3. 3. refringo, 3: to b. the force of a river, vim fluminis r., Caes.: to b. the Achivi, Achivos r., Hor. Phr.: he is b.ing his heart with grief, moerore se conficit, Cic.: my son is b.ing my heart with care and anxiety, me cura et sollicitudine afficit gnatus, Ter.: to b. a fall, casum mitigare s. leviorem reddere: I broke your fall, *te cadentem excepi: the Suevi broke the power of the Ubii, Suevi Ubios multo humiliores infirmioresque redegerunt, Caes.: to b. a bank, argentariam dissolvere, Cic.
    3. III. To violate, infringe:
      1. 1. frango, 3: to b. a treaty, foedus f., Cic.: to b. an engagement, fidem f., Cic.: Hor.: v. breach (II.).
      2. 2. vĭŏlo, 1: to b. treaties, foedera v., Liv.: to b. faith, fidem v., Ov.: v. to violate.
      3. 3. rumpo, rūpi, ruptum, 3: to b. treaties, foedera r., Cic.
    4. IV. to stop, interrupt: v. to break off. Phr.: to b. silence, silentia voce rumpere, Ov. I have not yet broken my fast, fames adhuc mihi integra est (cf. Cic. Fam. 9, 20): the maiden had broken her fast, jejunia virgo solverat, Ov.: to b. a person's rest, aliquem ex somno excitare, Cic.
  2. B. Intrans.:
    1. I. To part, separate: this sense may gen. be translated by the reflective forms of the Latin verbs given under (A.): e. g. the oars b., franguntur remi, Virg.: the treacherous sword b.s, perfidus ensis frangitur, Virg.: the black waterspout b.s, niger arcus aquarum frangitur, Ov. Phr.: my heart is b.ing, dirumpor dolore, Cic.
    2. II. To open: v. to burst. Phr.: the cloud b.s, scindit se nubes, Virg.
    3. III. To become bankrupt: rationes conturbare, Cic.
    4. IV. To decline in health and vigour: dēflōresco, ui, 3: you knew him when already b.ing, eum jam deflorescentem cognovisti, Cic.: Liv. Phr.: my strength is b.ing, me vires deficere incipiunt, Cic.
    5. V. Of daybreak: Phr.: day was b.-ing, dies appetebat, Caes.: day is already b.ing, luciscit hoc jam, Pl.: when day broke they were found dead, ut dies illuxit, mortui sunt reperti, Cic.: day was already breaking when the consul gave the signal, jam dilucescebat, quum signum consul dedit, Liv.