toward Copy link Outline I. Denoting motion in the direction of any object1. adversus (with acc.)2. versus (following its case, used chiefly with names of towns; with other subs. in or ad are used, and versus is added adverbially)3. ad (rare in this sense)4. obviamII. Of direction without any idea of motion, often of geogr. position1. ăd2. ĭn3. adversusIII. Of time, denoting approximation1. sŭb2. ĭnIV. Fig.1. erga (generally of friendly feelings and after subs.)2. adversus3. ĭn (with acc.)4. contra (rare)5. ĭn (with abl., usu. after expressions signifying hatred, rage, cruelty, etc.)6. adversus • toward: ; towards (prep.): I. Denoting motion in the direction of any object: 1. adversus (with acc.): they charge t. the hill, impetum a. montem faciunt, Caes. B. C. 1, 46: who is coming t. me? quis me a. incedit? Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 18. 2. versus (following its case, used chiefly with names of towns; with other subs. in or ad are used, and versus is added adverbially): I turned from Minturnae t. Arpinum, verti me a Minturnis Arpinum v., Cic. Att. 16, 10: to shift his quarters at one time t. the city at another t. Gaul, modo ad urbem modo in Galliam versus castra movere, Sall. Cat. 56. 3. ad (rare in this sense): hills and fields seem to fly t. the ship, fugere ad puppim colles campique videntur, Lucr. 4, 390 (v. to). T. is often expr. in Latin by ad or ob in comp. with a verb: v. L. G. § 556. 4. obviam: v. to meet. T. some place, aliquo vorsum, Plaut.: t. the right, dextrorsum or -sus (v. right): t. the left, sinistrorsum or -sus (v. left). II. Of direction without any idea of motion, often of geogr. position: 1. ăd: Gaul turns t. the north, Gallia vergit ad septentriones, Caes. B. G. 1, 1: freq. in Plin. 2. ĭn: the Belgians lie t. the north and east, Belgae spectant in septentriones et orientem solem, Caes. B. G. 1, 1: Tac.: windows turned t. the road, fenestrae in viam versae, Liv. 1, 41. 3. adversus: v. opposite to. III. Of time, denoting approximation: 1. sŭb: t. night, sub noctem, Caes. B. C. 1, 28: t. early dawn, sub lumina prima, Hor. Sat. 2, 7, 33. 2. ĭn: if the fever increases t. night, si febris in noctem augetur, Cels. 7, 27. IV. Fig.: of inclination or action directed to a person or personified object: 1. erga (generally of friendly feelings and after subs.): the kindness of our friends t. us, benevolentia amicorum e. nos, Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60. 2. adversus: the greatest fairness t. others, summa a. alios aequitas, Liv. 3, 33: Tac. 3. ĭn (with acc.): faithful and kind t. her, fidelis et benignus in illam, Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 22: most generous t. every class of men, in omne genus hominum liberalissimus, Suet. Vesp. 7: a fatherly feeling t. his brothers, in fratres animus paternus, Hor. Od. 2., 2, 6: brotherly love t. me, amor in nos fraternus, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1 (v. for): forbearance suppliants, clementia in supplices, Plin. 8, 16, 19. 4. contra (rare): the elephant's forbearance t. weaker creatures, clementia elephanti contra minus validos, ib. 7, 7. 5. ĭn (with abl., usu. after expressions signifying hatred, rage, cruelty, etc.): he was cruel t. a foe, saevus in hoste fuit, Ov. Am. 1, 7, 34: also gen. when the disposition is represented in connection with the object, but not in reference to any particular manifestation: e. g. to show pity t. human misfortunes, adhibere in hominum fortunis misericordiam, Cic. Rab. Perd. 2, 5. 6. adversus: his old hatred t. the Armenians, vetus a. Armenios odium, Tac. Ann. 13, 37 (v. for, against). T. may freq. be rendered in Latin after a subs. by the objective gen., when there is no danger of ambiguity: e. g. love t. one's country, caritas patriae, Cic. Off. 3, 27, 100: compassion t. the masses, misericordia vulgi, Caes. B. G. 7, 15: v. for, and L. G. § 268. Also to entertain any feeling t. any one may be expr. by the corresponding Latin verb governing the case of the object: e. g. to feel affection t. any one, aliquem amare.