spĕcĭes Copy link Outline I. Act., a seeing, sight, look, viewII. Pass., prop. that which is seen in a thing, i. e. ...A. Lit.2. Something seen, a spectacle, sight ...3. Trop., that which is seen by the mind, ...B. In partic.1. A look, show, seeming, appearance, ...a. In gen.b. Esp. with gen. of that which is assumed or pretended, ...(a). With abl.(b). With sub(g). With per(d). With in2. Also with gen.3. Pregn., like the Engl. show, for ornament ...C. Transf.1. Concr.a. An appearance in sleep, a vision, apparition ...b. A likeness, image, statue2. Reputation, honor3. The particular thing among many to which the looks are turned; hence, ...b. In later jurid. lang., a special case ...c. In late Lat., goods, wares ; ... ⓘspĕcĭēs: fem nom sg · fem nom/acc pl • spĕcĭes, ēi (gen. sing. specie or specii, Matius ap. Gell. 9, 14, 15; gen. and dat. plur. were not in use in Cicero's time, but formarum, formis were used instead; cf. Cic. Top. 7, 30.—At a later period were introduced: specierum, Pall. Oct. 14, 15; Cod. Just. 1, 2, 10; Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 5, § 151; cf. Charis. p. 18 P.; and Diom. p. 281 P.: speciebus, App. ad Asclep. p. 92, 25; Cod. Just. 11, 9, 1 al.; Dig. 28, 2, 29, § 10), f. [specio]. I. Act., a seeing, sight, look, view (rare; cf. aspectus): speciem quo vortimus, Lucr. 4, 242; so id. 4, 236 (for which, a little before, visus); 5, 707; 5, 724; Vitr. 3, 2 fin.; 5, 9: si tantis intervallis nostra species potest id animadvertere, id. 9, 4: qui sensus nostros specie primā acerrime commovent, Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 98: qui doloris speciem ferre non possunt, id. Tusc. 2, 23, 54.— II. Pass., prop. that which is seen in a thing, i. e. the outward appearance, outside, exterior; shape, form, figure, mien, etc. (freq. and class.; syn. forma). A. Lit.: praeter speciem stultus, Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 49: quod speciem ac formam similem gerit ejus imago, Lucr. 4, 52; cf.: quae species formaque pugnae, qui motus hominum non ita expictus est, ut, etc., outlines, contours, Cic. Tusc. 5, 39, 114: esse aliquem humanā specie et figurā, id. Rosc. Am. 22, 63: hominis esse specie deos confitendum est, id. N. D. 1, 18, 48: edepol specie lepida mulier! Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 2; cf.: bellan' videtur specie mulier? id. Bacch. 4, 7, 40; id. Most. 1, 3, 23; id. Mil. 4, 2, 10; 4, 6, 20: urbis speciem vidi, id. Pers. 4, 4, 2; so, species praeclara oppidi, Cic. Rep. 3, 32, 44; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 58, § 129: sphaerae (Archimedeae), etc., id. Rep. 1, 14, 21: navium, Caes. B. G. 4, 25; cf.: nova atque inusitata, id. ib. 2, 31: horribilis, id. ib. 7, 36: agro bene culto nihil potest esse specie ornatius, Cic. Sen. 16, 57: horum hominum species est honestissima, id. Cat. 2, 8, 18: ad speciem magnifico ornatu, as to outward appearance, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 22, § 58: populi, id. Rep. 3, 33, 45: nec ulla deformior species est civitatis, quam illa, in quā opulentissimi optimi putantur, id. Rep. 1, 34, 51: speciem honesti habere, the look or semblance of what is right, id. Off. 3, 2, 7: turba majorem quam pro numero speciem ferens, Curt. 3, 2, 3; cf.: fallaces sunt rerum species, quibus credimus, Sen. Ben. 4, 34, 1.— 2. Something seen, a spectacle, sight, appearance: ponite itaque ante oculos miseram quidem illam ac flebilem speciem, Cic. Phil. 11, 3: non tulit hanc speciem furiatā mente Coroebus, Verg. A. 2, 407 (cf. I. supra).— 3. Trop., that which is seen by the mind, an idea, notion: hanc illi ἰδέαν appellabant: nos recte speciem possumus dicere, Cic. Ac. 1, 8, 30; cf. id. Top. 7, 30: insidebat in ejus mente species eloquentiae, id. Or. 5, 18: excellentis eloquentiae speciem et formam adumbrabimus, id. ib. 14, 43: species, forma et notio viri boni, id. Off. 3, 20, 81; cf.: prima sit haec forma et species et origo tyranni, id. Rep. 2, 29, 51: qui species alias veri scelerisque capiet, Hor. S. 2, 3, 208: utinam non inanes species anxio animo figuraret, Curt. 7, 1, 36.— B. In partic. 1. A look, show, seeming, appearance, semblance, pretence, cloak, color, pretext, etc. (opp. that which is real, actual, etc.). a. In gen.: obiciuntur saepe formae, quae reapse nullae sunt, speciem autem offerunt, Cic. Div. 1, 37, 81: ista securitas specie quidem blanda sed reapse, etc., id. Lael. 13, 47: cujus rei species erat acceptio frumenti, Sall. J. 29, 4: fraudi imponere aliquam speciem juris, Liv. 9, 11: specie liberā ... re verā, etc., id. 35, 31; cf.: litteras inanis vanā specie libertatis adumbratas esse, id. 33, 31, 2 Weissenb. ad loc.: plurimi ibi a fallaci equitum specie agasonibusque excepti sunt, id. 7, 15, 7: si dux primam speciem adpropinquantis terroris sustinuisset, id. 44, 6, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.: quae (nomina) primā specie admirationem, re explicatā risum movent, Cic. Fin. 4, 22, 61: quaedam humanitatis habent primam speciem ut misericordia, id. Tusc. 4, 14, 32: similitudinem quandam speciemque sapientium gerere, id. Off. 3, 4, 16: si speciem utilitatis voluptas habere dicetur, id. ib. 3, 33, 120.— Hence, b. Esp. with gen. of that which is assumed or pretended, under pretext of, under pretence of, etc. α. With abl.: fortis viros specie quādam virtutis adsimulatae tenebat, Cic. Cael. 6, 14.— β. With sub: sub specie tutelae liberūm ejus invasisse regnum, Curt. 9, 2, 7; 10, 6, 21; Liv. 44, 24, 4.— γ. With per: per speciem celebrandarum cantu epularum, Liv. 9, 30, 8: per speciem auxilii Byzantiis ferendi, re ipsā, etc., id. 39, 35, 4; 40, 13, 8; 42, 52, 8.— δ. With in: si quis in speciem refectionis (viae) deteriorem viam facit, Dig. 43, 11, 1, § 2.—Adverb.: in speciem, for a show, as a pretence: haud dubio in speciem consensu fit ad Poenos deditio, Liv. 24, 1, 8: dilatā in speciem actione, re ipsā sublatā, id. 3, 9, 13; so, ad speciem tabernaculis relictis, Caes. B. C. 2, 35 fin.; id. B. G. 1, 51; Quint. Cic. Pet. Cons. 5, 18 al.— 2. Also with gen.: in speciem, after the manner, in the fashion, like (cf. tamquam; poet.): inque chori ludunt speciem, Ov. M. 3, 685: in montis speciem curvari, id. ib. 15, 509; cf.: scorpiones vermiculos ovorum specie pariunt, Plin. 11, 25, 30, § 86.— 3. Pregn., like the Engl. show, for ornament, display, splendor, beauty (cf.: dignitas, venustas): ut in usum boni sint et in speciem populo, Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 42: fuit pompa, fuit species, fuit incessus saltem Seplasiā dignus et Capuā, Cic. Pis. 11, 24: adhibere quandam in dicendo speciem atque pompam, id. de Or. 2, 72, 294: speciem candoremque caeli, id. Tusc. 1, 28, 68; cf. id. N. D. 2, 37; 2, 39: specie et motu capere homines, id. Brut. 62, 224: triumpho praebere speciem, Liv. 34, 52, 10: addere speciem, id. 37, 40; 9, 40: si fortunatum species et gratia praestat, Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 203: ducit te species, id. S. 2, 2, 35: speciem Saturnia vaccae probat, Ov. M. 1, 612: juvenis, Juv. 10, 310: corporis, Curt. 7, 9, 19; Vitr. 3, 2.— C. Transf. 1. Concr. (for simulacrum, i. q. εἴδωγον). a. An appearance in sleep, a vision, apparition (mostly poet.), Lucr. 1, 125: repetit quietis Ipsa suae speciem, Ov. M. 9, 473: voce suā specieque viri turbata soporem Excutit, id. ib. 11, 677: in quiete utrique consuli eadem dicitur visa species viri, etc., Liv. 8, 6: per nocturnas species, id. 26, 19; cf.: mirabundi velut ad somni vanam speciem, id. 33, 32, 7; Sil. 13, 394; Curt. 3, 6, 7.— b. A likeness, image, statue: tum species ex aere vetus concidit ... Et divum simulacra peremit fulminis ardor ... Sancta Jovis species ... Haec tardata diu species tandem celsā in sede locata, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 12, 21.— 2. Reputation, honor: o speciem dignitatemque populi Romani, quam reges pertimescant, Cic. Dom. 33, 89.— 3. The particular thing among many to which the looks are turned; hence, a particular sort, kind, or quality, a species: species pars est generis, App. Asclep. p. 78, 26: harum singula genera minimum in binas species dividi possunt, etc., Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 3; cf.: genus est id, quod sui similes communione quādam, specie autem differentes, duas aut plures complectitur partes, Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 189: primum illud genus quaerimus, ex quo ceterae species suspensae sunt ... Homo species est, ut Aristoteles ait, canis species: commune his vinculum animal, Sen. Ep. 58, 7; Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; id. L. L. 10, § 18; Cic. Inv. 1, 27, 40; id. Or. 10, 33; id. Top. 18, 68; Quint. 3, 6, 26; 3, 10, 2; 5, 10, 90 al.: codicillis multas species vestis, argenti specialiter reliquit, many kinds or sorts, Dig. 34, 2, 19; cf. ib. 41, 1, 7.— b. In later jurid. lang., a special case: proponitur apud eum species talis: Sutor puero discenti cervicem percussit, etc., Dig. 9, 2, 5 fin.; 31, 1, 85.— c. In late Lat., goods, wares (that are classed together; cf. assortment); publicae, Cod. Just. 1, 2, 10: annonariae, ib. 11, 73, 3: vendenda sit species, i. e. wine, Pall. Oct. 14, 3.—Esp., spices, drugs, etc., Macr. S. 7, 8 med.; Dig. 39, 4, 16, § 7; Pall. Oct. 14 fin.
spĕcĭo Copy link ⓘspĕciēs: fut ind act 2nd sg • spĕcĭo (spĭcĭo, v. infra), spexi, 3, v. a. [Sanscr. spac-, see; Gr. σκέπ-τομαι, σκοπός; Lat.: specto, speculum, etc.], to look, look at, behold (ante-class.): quod nos cum praepositione dicimus aspicio apud veteres sine praepositione spicio dicebatur, Fest. s. v. auspicium, p. 2 Müll.: spectare dictum ab specio antiquo, quo etiam Ennius usus: vos epulo postquam spexit, et quod in auspiciis distributum est, qui habent spectionem, qui non habeant; et quod in auguriis etiam nunc augures dicunt avem specere ... Speculum, quod in eo specimus imaginem, etc., Varr. L. L. 6, § 82 Müll. (Vahl. has restored the verse of Ennius, Ann. 402, in this way: quos ubi rex populos spexit de cantibus celsis; cf. infra, Fest. p. 330 Müll.); cf.: posteaquam avim de templo Anchisa spexit, Naev. B. Pun. 1, 10: spicit quoque sine praepositione dixerunt antiqui. Plautus (Mil. 3, 1, 100): flagitium est, si nihil mittetur, quo supercilio spicit. Et spexit, Ennius, l. VI.: quos ubi rex ... spexit de montibu' celsis, Fest. p. 330 Müll.; cf. Cato ib. s. v. spiciunt, p. 344: nunc specimen specitur, nunc certamen cernitur, Plaut. Cas. 3, 1, 2; id. Bacch. 3, 2, 15: nisi mihi credis, spece, id. Truc. 5, 8.
spĕcĭēs Copy link Outline I 1 vue, regard :2 ensemble des traits qui caractérisent et font reconnaître un objet ; aspect ...3 ce qui apparaît aux regards, aspect, extérieur, air, dehors, etc. : ces ...4 bel aspect, grand air, éclat, lustre, etc. : la beauté et la ...5 sens concreta) apparition, vision nocturne, fantôme :b) statue, image : [poet.]c) fantôme de l'imagination :6 apparence, semblant : avoir l'apparence de combattants ; pour l'apparence, pour faire ...7 [droit] cas particulier, espèce ; voici un cas qui a été soumis ...8 [décad.]a) objet, marchandise, denrée : sing., pl., marchandises publiques, cf.b) épices, drogues, ingrédients : .II t. de philosophie :1 ce par quoi se manifeste (se révèle) extérieurement une notion, un principe ...2 l'idée platonicienne, = ἰδέα || image ou représentation qu'on se fait d'une ...3 type : qu'il ait devant les yeux des types réels de vertu ...4 espèce [d'un genre] : . arch. gén. specie ou cf. || remplacés ... ⓘspĕcĭēs: fem nom sg · fem nom/acc pl • spĕcĭēs, ēī, f. (specio), I. 1. vue, regard : Lucr. 4, 236 ; 4, 242 ; 5, 707 ; Vitr. Arch. 9, 4 2. ensemble des traits qui caractérisent et font reconnaître un objet ; aspect : humana specie et figura Cic. Amer. 63, avec l'aspect et la conformation de l'homme ; speciem boni viri præ se ferre Cic. Off. 2, 39, donner l'impression d'un homme de bien ; hospitis speciem non effugere Cic. Br. 172, garder la caractéristique d'un étranger ; speciem habere honesti Cic. Off. 3, 7, avoir les caractères de l'honnête, cf. Cic. Tusc. 4, 30 ; honestum natura et specie sua commovet Cic. Off. 2, 32, l'honnête émeut par son essence propre et ses traits caractéristiques ; summa species arborum stantium relinquitur Cæs. G. 6, 27, 4, on laisse de quoi donner l'impression la plus complète que les arbres se tiennent debout normalement 3. ce qui apparaît aux regards, aspect, extérieur, air, dehors, etc. : horum hominum species est honestissima Cic. Cat. 2, 18, ces hommes ont un air des plus honorables ; universa comprensio et species orationis Cic. Or. 198, le pourtour et la forme de la phrase dans son ensemble ; navium species inusitata Cæs. G. 4, 25, 1, forme de navires inusitée ; ager una specie Sall. J. 79, 3, champ d'aspect uniforme || nova atque inusitata specie commoti Cæs. G. 2, 31, 1, bouleversés par ce spectacle nouveau et extraordinaire ; ponite ante oculos miseram illam ac flebilem speciem Cic. Phil. 11, 6, représentez-vous cette scène (ce tableau) pitoyable et lamentable || specie Cic. CM 57 ; ad speciem Verr. 2, 1, 58 ; in speciem Cæs. G. 7, 23, 5, pour l'aspect, au point de vue de l'aspect 4. bel aspect, grand air, éclat, lustre, etc. : species candorque cæli Cic. Tusc. 1, 68, la beauté et la splendeur du ciel ; triumpho præbere speciem Liv. 34, 52, 10, ajouter de l'éclat au triomphe ; adhibere quamdam in dicendo speciem atque pompam Cic. de Or. 2, 294, donner à sa parole un air de dignité et d'assurance ; species dignitasque populi Romani Cic. Domo 89, grandeur et majesté du peuple romain 5. sens concret a) apparition, vision nocturne, fantôme : Lucr. 1, 125 ; Ov. M. 9, 473 ; 11, 677 ; Liv. 8, 6, 9 ; 26, 19, 4 ; b) statue, image : [poet.] Cic. Div. 1, 21 ; c) fantôme de l'imagination : Hor. S. 2, 3, 208 ; P. 7 ; Curt. 7, 1, 36 6. apparence, semblant : speciem pugnantium præbere Cæs. G. 3, 25, 1, avoir l'apparence de combattants ; ad speciem Cæs. G. 1, 51, 1 ; C. 2, 35, 6 ; in speciem Cæs. G. 5, 51, 4, pour l'apparence, pour faire illusion ; specie... reapse Cic. Læl. 47, en apparence... en réalité ; speciem offerre Cic. Div. 1, 81, ne présenter qu'une apparence ; præclara classis in speciem Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 86, belle flotte en apparence || senatus specie Sall. C. 38, 2, sous couleur de défendre le sénat, cf. Liv. 30, 20, 5 ; sub specie tutelæ Curt. 9, 2, 7, sous prétexte de tutelle, cf. Curt. 10, 6, 21 ; Liv. 44, 24, 4 ; per speciem auxilii ferendi Liv. 39, 35, 4, sous couleur de porter secours, cf. Liv. 9, 30, 8 ; 40, 13, 8 ; 42, 52, 8 7. [droit] cas particulier, espèce ; hæc species incidit in cognitionem meam Plin. Min. Ep. 10, 56, 4, voici un cas qui a été soumis à ma compétence (dont j'ai eu à connaître) ; proponitur apud eum species talis... Dig. 9, 2, 5, on lui soumet le cas suivant..., cf. 31, 1, 85 8. [décad.] a) objet, marchandise, denrée : sing., Pall. 11, 14, 3 ; pl., publicæ species Cod. Just. 1, 2, 10, marchandises publiques, cf. 11, 73, 3 ; b) épices, drogues, ingrédients : Macr. Sat. 8, 7, 8 ; Dig. 39, 4, 16. II. t. de philosophie : 1. ce par quoi se manifeste (se révèle) extérieurement une notion, un principe ; aspect, considération, point de vue, etc. : utilitatis speciem videbat, sed eam, ut res declarat, falsam judicavit, Cic. Off. 3, 99, l'intérêt se montrait à lui, mais sous un aspect qu'il jugea décevant, comme les faits le prouvent ; cf. Cic. Off. 3, 41 ; 46 ; 47, etc. ; utilitatis specie peccatur Cic. Off. 3, 46, la considération de l'intérêt fait commettre des fautes ; cum aliqua species utilitatis objecta est... Cic. Off. 3, 35, quand l'utilité s'offre à nous avec tel ou tel caractère apparent ; objecta specie voluptatis Cic. Fin. 1, 47, quand s'est dressée devant eux l'idée du plaisir 2. l'idée platonicienne, = ἰδέα Cic. Ac. 1, 30 ; 33 ; Tusc. 1, 58 || image ou représentation qu'on se fait d'une chose : doloris speciem non ferre Cic. Tusc. 2, 54, ne pas supporter l'idée de la douleur 3. type : obversentur species honestæ et veræ Cic. Tusc. 2, 52, qu'il ait devant les yeux des types réels de vertu ; species civitatis Cic. Rep. 1, 51, type, forme de gouvernement ; eloquentiæ Cic. Or. 18, un type, un idéal de l'éloquence 4. espèce [d'un genre] : Cic. Or. 6 ; Top. 30 ; 31 ; 68 ; Quint. 3, 6, 26, etc. ; Sen. Ep. 58, 7. ➳ arch. gén. specie ou specii, cf. Gell. 9, 14, 15 || specierum, speciebus remplacés par formarum, formis Cic. Top. 30, mais employés à la décad.
spĕcĭō Copy link ⓘspĕciēs: fut ind act 2nd sg • spĕcĭō (spĭcĭō), spexi, spectum, ĕre (cf. σκέπτομαι), tr., regarder ; mot arch. employé par Enn. et Cato; Pl. Cas. 516 ; Bacch. 399 ; Varro L. 6, 82.
species Copy link ⓘspĕcĭēs: fem nom sg · fem nom/acc pl SPECIES êi. f. [ἰδέα, ρἶδος, σχῆμα, πρόσχημα] Quidquid oculis obiicitur (ab antiquo verbo Specio, vid. Gell. 13, 28.) […] 🗁 Page Scan .
specio Copy link ⓘspĕciēs: fut ind act 2nd sg SPECIO, vel SPICIO xi, ctum, ere. [βλέπω] Apud antiquos in vsu fuit, quod Videre significat. […] 🗁 Page Scan .
species Copy link Outline I. In strict senseII. In looser sense, a sort or kind • species: I. In strict sense: spĕcies, ēi (not so used in Cic., but necessary for precise expression): Sen. Ep. 58, 7, where the genus is represented as containing a variety of species: M. L. (N.B.--Cic. makes an approach to this use of the word, de Or. 1, 42., 189, genus est id quod sui similes ... specie autem differentes duas aut plures complectitur partes.) II. In looser sense, a sort or kind: gĕnus: v. kind.
SPECIES Copy link • SPECIESpars (opposed to genus; Cic., De Invent., 1, 28, 42, genus est, quod partes aliquas amplectitur, ut cupiditas; pars est, quae subest generi, ut amor); more rarely, species (in logic): species (Cic., Top., 7, 31; in natural history): forma.