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S&H Smith & Hall (2)

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• sour (v.):

I. Lit.: to make acid, acorem facere, Col. 3, 21, med.: may also be expr. by facere, efficere, with adj. (v. sour [adj.], I.): v. also to curdle, to turn.
II. Fig.: to irritate, q. v.:

1. ăcerbo, 1: to s. (or embitter) joys, a. gaudia, Stat. Th. 12, 75.
2. exăcerbo, 1: v. to embitter (2.). Phr.: a temper thoroughly s.'d, animus exulceratus, Cic. Deiot. 3, 8: Liv. 9, 14, ad med.: old age s.s me more and more, amariorem me senectus facit, Cic. Att. 14, 21, 3.

sour (adj.) Copy link

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• sour (adj.):

1. ăcĭdus: very s. vinegar, acidissimum acetum, Pl. Ps. 2, 4, 49: s. milk, a. lac, Plin. 28, 9, 36, § 135: v. acid (adj.). Of smell, s. breath, a. halitus, id. 30, 4, 9, § 27. Somewhat s., ăcĭdŭlus, sŭbăcĭdus (v. sourish).
2. ăcerbus (opp. suavis): a s. pear, a. pirum, Varr. R. R. 1, 44, fin.: Phaedr. 4, 3, 4: very s., peracerbus: a grape very s. (or harsh) to the taste, uva peracerba gustatu, Cic. Sen. 15, 53. (N.B.--Acerbus is s. because unripe; acidus is s. though ripe.)
3. ācer (opp. mollis: biting, sharp): very s. vinegar, acetum acerrimum, Cels. 4, 4, 3, med.: a s. stomach (i. e. full of sourness), a. stomachus, Hor. S. 2, 4, 59. Join: to mix s. victuals with sweet, dulcibus cibis acres acutosque miscere, Plin. Ep. 7, 3, extr.: very s., pĕrācer: very s. vinegar, peracre acetum, Pl. Bac. 3, 3, 1.
4. ăcūtus: v. supr. (3): sharp.
5. austērus: s. wine, a. vinum, Cels. 3, 24, ad fin.: v. harsh (II.), tart (adj.).
6. ămārus (bitter: opp. dulcis): v. bitter.
7. tristis (rare in lit. sense): fruits of s. flavour, poma sapore t., Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 12.
8. immītis, e (not mellow): s. grape, i. uva, Hor. Od. 2, 5, 10: v. unripe.

1. ăcerbus: for there may go forth s. (or crabbed) fellows from the school of Zeno, posse enim acerbos e Zenonis schola exire, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 77: to put on s. looks, vultus a. sumere, Ov. Tr. 5, 8, 17 (v. also to frown): cf. vultus severior et tristior, Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 289.
2. ămārus: v. ill-tempered. (For s.-looking, torvus, tetricus will serve: v. forbidding, scowling.) Phr.: he looks as s. as a crab, illi caperat (is wrinkled) frons severitudine, Pl. Epid. 5, 1, 3: s. wine, vappa, Plin.: Hor.: wines likely to turn s., vina peccatura, Pall. 11, 14, ad med. Special Phr.: (i.) to be s., ăceo, ui, 2 (of wine), Cato R. R. 148: or expr. by saporem acerbum, etc. (v. supr.) habere: or, acerbo, etc. (v. supr.) sapore esse. (ii.) to turn or become s.: (1.) ăcesco, ăcui, 3: whatever you pour in turns s., quodcunque infundis a., Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 54: Plin. 20, 14, 53, § 147. (2.) coăcesco, ăcui, 3: as not every wine, so not every age turns s., ut non omne vinum, sic non omnis aetas c., Cic. Sen. 18, 65. (3.) ĭnăcesco, ăcui, 3: milk which you may want to turn s., (lac) quod velis i., Plin. 28, 9, 36, § 135. (4.) exăcesco, ăcui, 3 the fig turns s., e. ficus, Col. 12, 17, 1.

R&A Riddle & Arnold (1)

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adj.,
Not sweet, acerbus (opposed to mitis): amarus (opposed to dulcis: according to Döderlein, acerbus of a biting, amarus of a nauseous, bitterness: acerbus is far more commonly used, figuratively, of sour in words, character, etc.): acidus (opposed to dulcis; Vid: to taste or smell): acer (sharp). (The words are found in this connection and order.) acer acidusque. Somewhat sour, acidulus, subacidus. Very sour, acidissimus: peracerbus: acerbissimus: peracer: acerrimus (☞ malum acidum an apple sour, though ripe; malum acerbum, an apple sour, because unripe). To be sour, acere; acidum or acerbum, or acrem esse; gustatu acido or acri esse sapore. To be turning sour, acescere, coacescere: sour milk, lac acidum (Plin.): very sour vinegar, acetum acidissimum (Plin.). A sour grape, uva acerba (☞ not austera).
Cross, ill-tempered, difficilis: morosus: tristis: sour looks, vultus acerbi (Ov.), severi (Mart.). To put on a sour look, acerbos sumere vultus (Ov.); severos ducere vultus (Mart.); frontem contrahere (Cic.); frontem attrahere, adducere (Sen.). To make sour, acidum facere.

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