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S&H Smith & Hall (1)

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I. In direct statements or interrogative sentences
1. nōn (most gen. word
2. haud (more emphatic than non, and chiefly joined to adverbs and adjectives; also used with verbs, especially in certain phrr., as haud scio an, haud dubito)
3. (to be used sparingly, and only in familiar style) nullus, in agr. with subject.
4. părum, mĭnus (less than should be; hence = softened negative
5. nĭhil (in no respect, not at all
6. mĭnĭmē, nullo mŏdo, nullo pacto (by no means; the two former often in answer to questions)
II. In dependent sentences, esp. to denote a purpose; also in prohibitions
1. nē (in dep. sentence = in order that ... not)
2. in double prohibitions
3. after verbs of fearing, ut (= that ... not)

• not:

I. In direct statements or interrogative sentences:

1. nōn (most gen. word: usual position immediately before the word to be negatived, or when it qualifies an entire proposition, at the beginning of it): for the position of non, comp. foll. exx.: qui mihi non id videbantur accusare, quod esset accusandum, Cic. Sen. 3, 7: eum colere coepi non admodum grandem natu, ib. 4, 10: omnia memoria tenebat, non domestica solum sed etiam externa bella, ib. 4, fin. (the words id, admodum, domestica, bearing in each case the stress of the negation): non sunt in senectute vires, ib. 11, init.: at non est voluptatum tanta quasi titillatio in senibus, ib. 14, 47 (where the entire propositions are to be negatived). (N.B.--In interrogative sentences, the particle -nĕ is attached to the negative, thus: nonne: which in direct questions begins the sentence, according to above rule, in indirect ones its position being more or less a matter of euphony: did not Lentulus come to you? did not Sanga? nonne ad te Lentulus venit? non Sanga? Cic. in Pis. 31., 77: he was asked whether he did not think Archelaus son of Perdiccas happy? ex eo quaesitum (est), Archelaum Perdiccae filium nonne beatum putaret? id. Tusc. 5, 12, init. In compound negative questions, the -ne is frequently dispensed with in the later members, as above.)
2. haud (more emphatic than non, and chiefly joined to adverbs and adjectives; also used with verbs, especially in certain phrr., as haud scio an, haud dubito): I don't quite understand, haud sane intelligo, Cic. Off. 2, 2, 5: I did not so order, haud ita jussi, Ter. Andr. 5, 4, 52: strengthened by -quāquam (not in any degree): Cic.: Liv.: it is not at all wonderful, haud mirabile est, Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 7: Cic.: thereupon he did not hesitate to point out ..., tum ille haud dubitavit docere ..., Cic. Rep. 1, 15.
3. (to be used sparingly, and only in familiar style) nullus, in agr. with subject.: Philotimus not only does not come, but ..., Ph. non modo nullus venit, sed ..., Cic. Att. 11, 24, 3: I remember; even were you not to remind me, memini, tametsi nullus moneas, Ter. Eun. 2, 1, 10: don't you say, nullus dixeris, id. Hec. 1, 2, 4. (In this use nullus is more emphatic than non: cf. L. G. § 612.)
4. părum, mĭnus (less than should be; hence = softened negative: L. G. § 646): my efforts are not succeeding very well, parum succedit quod ago, Ter. Andr. 4, 1, 56: Terentia has not been well, Terentia minus belle habuit, Cic. Fam. 9, 9. So sometimes male (with adjj.): not sound in mind, male sanus, Cic. Att. 9, 15. (N.B.--As joined with conj. quo [quominus]., minus has a purely negative force: v. to prevent, hinder.)
5. nĭhil (in no respect, not at all: only with verbs): I did not (by any means) find fault with you about my brother, de patre nihil te accusavi, Cic. Fam. 14., 1, 6: I don't say to whom (= say nothing about who it was), n. dico, cui, id. Ph. 1, 6, 13.
6. mĭnĭmē, nullo mŏdo, nullo pacto (by no means; the two former often in answer to questions): v. means (by no). Special Phr.: (a). and not: nĕque, nec (cf. L. G. § 564): it delights in a soil that is poor and not damp, laetatur loco macro neque humido., Col. 2, 11, med.: a good knowledge of literature, and that not of a common sort, plurimae litterae, nec eae vulgares, Cic. Br. 76, 265 (mark the use of eae; without which pronoun this use of neque with an adj. is scarcely elegant): v. nor. (b). if not: sin mĭnus, sin: v. if (2). (c). not even: nē ... quĭdem (the word emphasized coming between the two): not to make even the least sacrifice of glory, gloriae jacturam ne minimam quidem facere, Cic. Off. 1, 24, 84 not even ... much less ..., ne quidem ... nedum ut, Liv. 3, 14, fin. (N.B.--Acc. to Forcell. there is no well authenticated case of ne quidem occurring without a word between, though several have been adduced: v. Tursell. s. v. ne, No. 36.) (d). not that ... but ...: non quo (quod), with subj. ... sed ...: not that I like to be ill spoken of, but because ..., non quo libenter male audiam, sed ..., Cic. de Or. 2, 75, 305: cf. id. Tusc. 2, 23, fin., pugiles in jactandis caestibus ingemiscunt, non quod doleant, sed ..., not that (or because) they are in pain, but because, etc.: so non quia ... sed: Tac. (e). not but what ...: non quin (with subj.): foll. by sed quod, Sall. Cat. 35, med. (indicating first a supposed and then an actual reason): foll. by sed ut (supposed and actual purpose), Liv. 2, 15, ad init. (f). that ... not (denoting a purpose): nē: v. that (conj.).

II. In dependent sentences, esp. to denote a purpose; also in prohibitions:

1. nē (in dep. sentence = in order that ... not): let the Consuls see to it that the commonwealth does not receive damage, videant Coss. ne quid detrimenti resp. capiat, Caes. B. C. 1, 5: Sall.: in the case of ne quis, ut is not seldom prefixed: cf. Cic. Off. 1, 29, 103, ut ne quid negligenter agamus: and occasionally before other words, v. Smith's Lat. Dict. ne (II., 5). So after verbs of asking, commanding, advising, striving (not infin.): v. to ask, etc.
2. in double prohibitions: nēve (neu) ... nēve (neu). v. neither. Ne is sometimes used with the first verb: cf. XII. Tab. in Cic. Leg. 2, 23, init., Hominem mortuum in urbe ne sepelito neve urito.
3. after verbs of fearing, ut (= that ... not): I fear you will not live long, ut sis vitalis metuo, Hor. S. 2, 1, 60: but also ne ... non: cf. Cic. Att. 5, 18, 1, unum vereor ne Senatus ... Pompeium nolit dimittere: ib. 9, 6, med., metuo ne non impetrem. Phr.: not to say ..., ne dicam: cf. Cic. N. D. 1, 21, fin., in tam leves, ne dicam ineptas (not to say, absurd) sententias incidisse: not to mention ..., ut omittam ..., Nep. Han. 2, init.: not to make a long story, ne multa (sc. dicam), Cic. Clu. 64, 180; also, ne multis, ib. 16, fin.

R&A Riddle & Arnold (1)

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• NOT

non, haud (the former the most common word, applicable in every direct negation; haud, like our “not at all,” “not exactly,” occurs only in certain connections, especially before adverbs and adjectives, in order to diminish their signification; as, not much, hand multum: not far, haud longe. Vid: Zumpt, § 277. ☞ Avoid, what is so common with modern writers, the use of nullus for non in expressions such as nullus dubito, I do not doubt, for non or minime dubito; is nullus venit, he did not come, for is non venit, etc.: it is a Grecism adopted from the comic writers, and is confined by Cic. almost entirely to the epistolary style): minus (our “less,” as a modest negative for non; Vid: Handrianus, Tursell., 3, p. 621, sqq.): nihil (like the Greek οὐδέν, is a strong negation; our “not at all”): neutiquam, haudquaquam, nequaquam, minime (still stronger, “not at all,” “by no means,” “not in the least “): ne (dffers from the former negatives, which deny anything as a fact, by referring only to a mere hypothesis; hence it is used in propositions which express a command, order, prayer; e.g., do not make any opposition if, etc., ne repuguetis, si, etc.: may I not live if, etc., ne vivam, si, etc.); fac, ne, followed by a subjunctive (cause that not, etc.), or cave (ne) followed by a subjunctive (take care that not, etc.), or noli followed by an infinitive (do not desire, be unwilling; all these when a command, prayer, etc., is to be uttered in a modest tone, for the simple ne; do not concern yourself about anything else than, fac ne quid aliud cures, nisi ut etc.: do not suffer yourself to desire, cave ne cupias: do not desire what cannot happen, nolite id velle, quod fieri non potest. But
☞ parce or fuge, followed by an infinitive, are pure Grecisms, not found in classical Latin prose). In questions “not” is expressed, (a) by annon, when a person asks whether something has not taken place, although he is convinced that such is the case; e.g., did I not say that it would be so? annon dixi, hoc futurum? (b) by nonne, when one asks in a convincing manner, with conviction of the correctness of his position; e.g., what! is not the dog like the wolf? quid? canis nonne lupo similis? or, when one would give the person to tinderstand that he observes something, but does not regard it; e.g., tu, qui deos putas humana negligere, nonne animadvertis, etc.? (c) by ne; e.g., with verbs of observation; when one is not certain that the other observes a thing, or if one believes thai he does not observe it sufficiently; e.g., videsne, ut apud Homerum saepissime Nestor de virtutibus suis praedicet? (d) by non, when one believes that the other does not notice a thing at all; e.g., non vides quanto periculo, etc.? (the person asked really does not see the danger at all). But non is also, frequently used in a lively style for nonne; e.g., is it not a piece of madness? non est amentia? (☞ Heusing., Cic., Off., 3, 19, 10; Cort., Sall., Jug., 31, 17. Also observe that annon and anne look for an answer in the affirmative, ne and non expect one in the negative. Respecting “not” in interrogations, Vid: Ramsh., § 174, 1, 2, and Not. 1 and 2): not at all, nullo pacto, nullo modo (in no manner): nihil (in no respect): not so very (before an adverb, or adjective), haud or non ita (not particularly; for which ☞ some moderns use parum wrongly); e.g., not so very far, haud (non) ita longe; not rightly, non satis (not sufficiently): parum (too little; opposed to nimis): not even, ne... quidem (between which the word on which the emphasis lies must be placed; e.g., I do not consider this as even useful, ne utile quidem hoc esse arbitror): not once, non semel (several times): ne semel quidem (not a single time) :, not so = not in this manner, non ita; non sic = less, minus; to wander not so far, minus late vagari: but not, not, however, non vero, neque vero, non autem (the second especially in transitions. If a simple opposition is formed by “not,” non is used alone; as, I mean the father, not the son, dico patrem, non filium; Vid: Grotef., § 263: Zumpt, § 781): but... not, nec or neque (Vid: Cic., Or., 33, 117): and not, nec or neque (this especially in transition = and also not; fortune does not give virtue, and therefore does not take it away, virtutem fortuna non dat, ideo nec detrahit): also... not, nec... quidem; e.g., sed nec Jugurtha quidem quietus interea (cf., Benecke, Justin., 7, 5, 8, p. 19, sq. ☞ Etiam non is not Latin): that not [Vid: THAT]: only not, not only [Vid: ONLY]: or not [Vid: OR]: and not, et non; neque (the former is used if the negative refer to one word, or if the emphasis lie on the negative; neque serves for connecting two propositions = and also not; e.g., via certa et non longa = a sure and not a long way; but via certa neque longa = a sure and not long way. And not, ac non. ☞ Avoid atque non, which is only used by Pliny the elder; Vid: Handrianus, Tursell., 1, p. 473, 19): and not rather, ac non potius; ac non (Vid: Handrianus, loc. cit.): and not less, atque etiam, itemque (in like manner also, ☞ not atque adeo = and rather, and even; also, avoid nec non, which in this sense is not found in the best prose: why not [Vid: WHY]? because not, quod non: if not [Vid: IF]: not..., but, non..., sed: not..., but rather, non..., sed potius: not..., but however, non..., at; non..., sed tamen: not..., but at least, non..., sed certe: not..., but not even, non..., sed ne quidem: not..., nor even, non..., nec quidem: not..., unless; not..., except, non..., nisi: not that (in order that)..., but that (in order that, or in order that not), non ut..., sed ut (or sed ne); non ut..., verum ut: not in order that..., but in order that, non ut..., sed quo (for sed ut eo): not that not..., but in order that, non quin..., sed ut: not that not..., but however, non quin..., sed or sed tamen: not that..., but yet, or however, non quo..., sed tamen: not that..., but on the other hand, non quo..., sed contra: not because..., but in order that, in order that not, non quia..., sed ut or sed ne: not because..., but because, non quia..., sed quia; non quod..., sed quod; non quod..., sed quo: not on account of..., but because or but in order that, or but in order that not, non alicujus rei causa, sed quod; non alicujus rei causa, sed ut or sed ne: not as if not..., but because, non quin..., sed quia or sed quod: not in order that, or not because..., but in order that, non quo or non quod..., sed ut (or in order that not, sed ne): not on this account, because..., but because, non ideo quod..., verum quod: not on this account, because..., but in order that, non ideo quod..., sed ut: not on this account, in order that..., but in order that not, non ideo ut..., sed ne: not as if..., but in order that, non quasi..., sed ut. ☞ Observe (a) “I say that not”, etc., “I maintain that it is not”, etc., is expressed in Latin by nego, followed, by an accusative and infinitive; e.g., meus amicus negabat, se hoc facturum esse: (b) in connection with an adjective, “not” is frequently expressed in Latin by one word; e.g., not wise, amens, demens; not pleasant, injucundus, ingratus (☞ in the use of such adjectives compounded with in there is need of great caution, since they are not very common in the Golden Age of the language; e.g., not weary, non defatigatus; but indefessus is not classical). NOT BUT THAT, Vid: BUT THAT. NOT ONLY - BUT ALSO, Vid: BUT. NOT THAT - BUT, NOT THAT NOT - BUT BUT.

GRG Georges (2)

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not, Adv., s. nötig.

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I. Mühe, Anstrengung: negotium. ...
II. äußerer od. innerer Zwang, Notwendigkeit: ...
III. jede Art von bedrängter Lage: ...
a. Mangel, Armut: inopia. ...
b. unglückl. Lage, Elend, Notstand: ...
c. Gefahr: periculum. discrimen ...

Not, die,

I. Mühe, Anstrengung: negotium.
labor (Mühsal).
molestia (Beschwerde).
jmd. od. etw. macht mir N., ich habe mit jmd. od. etw. meine (liebe) N., alqs od. alqd mihi negotium facessit; alqs od. alqd mihi negotium od. molestiam exhibet; alqd mole. stiam mihi affert: man hatte N. mit Aufbringung der Steuer, tributo conferendo laboratum est: seine liebe N. haben, suum negotium habere (im allg.); rerum suarum satis agere (in bezug auf häusliche Verhältnisse): wenn etc …. dann habe es weiter keine N., si … nihil negotii superesse.
zur N., mit genauer N., s. kaum, (mit) Mühe.

II. äußerer od. innerer Zwang, Notwendigkeit: necessitas.
aus N., durch die N. gedrungen, gezwungen, s. notgedrungen: ohne Not, nullā re cogente; sine necessitate od. idonea causa: sich ohne N. fürchten, inanes sibi fingere metus; non metuenda timere: wenn es die Not erfordert, wenn es not tut, im Fall der N. (im Notfall, nötigen Falls, nötigenfalls), wenn N. an den Mann geht, si necesse est oder fuerit. si necessitas postulat. necessitate urgente (wenn es die Notwendigkeit mit sich bringt. im Falle der Not); cum est usus. si quando od. bl. si usus fuerit. si opus fuerit si quid facto opus est (wenn es nötig sein sollte, im Fall der Rot); si res poposcerit od. postularit. cum res exiget (wenn es die Umstände fordern, im Fall der Not, nötigenfalls); vel (sogar auch = nötigenfalls, s. Cic. Rosc. Am. 119): nur im Fall der Not (im Notfall), non umquam nisi necessario (z.B. punire; vgl. id, nisi necessario, ne facias); nisi res coget: im höchsten Fall der N. (im höchsten Notfall), si nimia necessitas urget; nur im höchsten Fall der Not (im höchsten Notfall), nisi nimia necessitas urget.
Friede tut not, pace opus est
aus der N. eine Tugend machen, necessitati parēre: man machte also aus der N. eine Tugend, in rationem ergo necessitas versa est: N. bricht Eisen, N. kennt kein Gebot, necessitas ultimum ac maximum telum est; necessitas ante rationem est.

III. jede Art von bedrängter Lage: angustiae.
difficultas (schwieriger Zustand von etwas).
molestia (Gedrücktheit, gedrückte Lage).
die äußerste Not, angustiae summae: in der Not des Landes, difficili rei publicae tempore: in N. sein, in angustiis esse od. versari: in N. geraten, in angustias adduci; in angustiis esse coepisse: in die äußerste Not geraten, in summas angustias adduci: jmdm. aus großer N. helfen, alqm magnā molestiā liberare: an etwas Not leiden, laborare alqā re.
dah.

a. Mangel, Armut: inopia.
egestas (Dürftigkeit).
allgemeine N., inopia publica: in N. geraten, ad inopiam redigi: in die äußerste, ad extremam od. ad ultimam inopiam venire: N. leiden, ad inopiam redactum esse; inopiā premi: große, magnā inopiā laborare: in N. leben, in egestate vivere od. vitam degere; vitam inopem agere.

b. unglückl. Lage, Elend, Notstand: res adversae od. afflictae od. asperae.
calamitas (großes Unglück durch Verlust).
miseria. miseriae (Elend).
allgemeine N., publica clades: die äußerste N., extrema fortuna: in N. kommen, geraten, in miseriam incĭdere: in N. sein, stecken, esse, versari in miseria: in N. leben: misere vivere: jmdm. aus der N. helfen, alqm eripere a miseria oder ex miseriis: N. lehrt. beten, adversae res admonent religionum (Liv. 5, 51, 8).

c. Gefahr: periculum.
discrimen (der entscheidende Punkt in der Gefahr).
in N. sein, in periculo esse od. versari; periclitari: man ist in N. (v. Kämpfenden), laboratur; res ad triarios rediit (sprichw., s. Liv. 8, 8, 11): man ist in großer N., adducta est res in maximum periculum et paene discrimen: wenn man in N. ist, wenn N. an den Mann geht, si laboratur: es hat keine N., periculum non imminet; res est in portu: es hat keine N. mit mir, res mea salva est (meine Sache steht gut); non est quod metuam (ich habe keinen Grund zu fürchten); periculum effugi. in portu navigo (ich bin der Gefahr glücklich entronn en): jmdm. aus der N. helfen, jmd. aus der N. reißen, alqm periculo liberare; alqm ex periculo eripere.

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