judge (subs.) Copy link Outline I. A civil officer1. jūdex, ĭcis (in Roman use, applied to the bench of jurors; the presiding judge being called judex quaestionis or quaesītor, in criminal cases2. quaesītor3. rĕcŭpĕrātor (in certain special cases, esp. of a summary kind)II. In gen. sense, one who has to express an opinion1. jūdex2. existĭmātor (esp. in the way of criticism)3. aestĭmātor (an appreciator, in pecuniary or other sense) • judge (subs.): I. A civil officer: 1. jūdex, ĭcis (in Roman use, applied to the bench of jurors; the presiding judge being called judex quaestionis or quaesītor, in criminal cases: cf. Virg. Aen. 6, 432, where the term quaesitor is applied to Minos in the inferi, the gen. term judex having been used immediately before: judex serves best to denote the judicial function, in widest sense): a most excellent and sagacious j., j. verissimus et sapientissimus, Cic. R. Am. 30, 84: opp. to judex nequam et levis, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 12, 30: Vulg. (= Hebr. Shophetim). 2. quaesītor: v. supr. (1). 3. rĕcŭpĕrātor (in certain special cases, esp. of a summary kind): Cic.: Fest.: v. Dr. Smith's Lat. Dict. s. v. Phr.: to act as j., quaestioni praeesse, Cic. Clu. 33, 89; judicium exercere, Cic. Arch. extr. II. In gen. sense, one who has to express an opinion: 1. jūdex: a competent j. of duty, satis idoneus officii j., Cic. Sull. 18, 50. Join: [aequus] existimator et judex, Cic. Fin. 3, 2, 6. 2. existĭmātor (esp. in the way of criticism): a skilful, intelligent, etc., judge, ex. doctus, intelligens, Cic. (cf. supr., II., 1): no mean j., non levis ex. [neque aspernabilis], Gell. 20, 1, ad init. 3. aestĭmātor (an appreciator, in pecuniary or other sense): Cic. Mar. 5, 15 (aestimator rerum): Val. Max.
judge (v.) Copy link Outline 1. jūdĭco, 1 (in most uses)2. existĭmo, 1 (in non-legal sense)3. aestĭmo, 14. censeo, ui, um, 2 (the usu. word to denote a formal expression of opinion) • judge (v.): 1. jūdĭco, 1 (in most uses): to j. rightly and in due course, recte et ordine j., Cic. R. Am. 48, 138; fairly and honestly, ex aequo et bono, id. Caec. 23, 65; impartially sine amore et cupiditate, sine odio et invidia, id. Mar. 9, 29; falsely, falsum, id. 21, 49. Join: [sic] statuo et judico (non-legal), Cic. de Or. 2, 28, 122. 2. existĭmo, 1 (in non-legal sense): v. to think, consider. 3. aestĭmo, 1: v. to value, appreciate. 4. censeo, ui, um, 2 (the usu. word to denote a formal expression of opinion): most j.d it best to march by night, plerique censebant ut noctu iter facerent, Caes. B. C. 1, 67: esp. in the senate, Cic.: v. to resolve, determine. Phr.: each must j. for himself, suo cuique judicio est utendum, Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1; suum judicium adhibere, ib. 1, 5, 10: to j. of others by oneself, de se conjecturam facere, Cic. de Or. 2, 74, 299.
JUDGE Copy link • JUDGE 1. judex: qui judicat: qui judicium exercet (general terms): recuperator (judge named by the praetor, when the dispute is about the restoration of property): quaesitor (in a criminal cause): arbiter (arbitrator): summus magistratus (the highest magistrate; e.g., amongst the Jews). A sworn judge, judex juratus (the sworn judges at Rome for criminal causes, more nearly answering to our jury, were judices selecti or turba selectorum, chosen from senators, knights, and the tribuni aerarii). To be a judge, judicem esse; in any matter, de aliqua re; judicem sedere; judicium exercere; judicio praeesse: to appoint anybody a judge, aliquem judicem constituere: to have anybody for judge, aliquem judicem habere: to bring a cause, etc., before a judge, rem ad judicem deferre. IMPROPR., Critic, one who pronounces a sound judgement on any subject, judex criticus, or criticus only, or, from context, judex: aestimator (so far as he estimates the value of a production): existimator (so far as after such valuation he pronounces his sentence: existimator est judex; aestimator qui pretium constituit, res inter se componit, ut quid praeferendum, quid posthabendum sit, intelligat; Gronov.). (The words are found in this connection and order.) aestimator et judex. A judge of poetry, judex poetarum: carminum aestimator: a judge of the arts, artium judex: an accomplished and critical judge of the arts, subtilis judex et callidus (Hor., Sat. 2, 7, 101). 2. v. judicare (aliquid or de aliqua re, or de aliquo): dijudicare aliquid (to judge anything decisively; to decide anything): facere judicium alicujus rei, or de aliqua re, or de aliquo (to pronounce an opinion): aestimare aliquid: existimare de aliquo or de re (the former is to value, estimate; existimare, on the other hand, after having PROP. weighed the value of anything, to form and pronounce a judgement in accordance with it respecting its various relations). To judge according to equity, ex aequo judicare: to judge with impartial strictness, acrem se praebere alicujus rei judicem: to judge impartially, sine odio et sine invidia judicare: to judge of others by one’s self, de aliis ex se conjecturam facere; ex se de aliis judicare (after Nep., Ep., 6, 2). To judge for one’s self, suo judiciouti; suum judicium adhibere: let others judge for themselves, hoc alii videant. I am not able (authorized, etc.) to judge of this, hoc non est mei judicii (because it does not become me); hoc procul est a meojudicio (I do not understand such matters). To deem; to think, Vid: