judge (subs.) Copy link Outline I. A civil officer1. jūdex, ĭcis (in Roman use, applied to the bench of jurors; the presiding judge being called judex quaestionis or quaesītor, in criminal cases2. quaesītor3. rĕcŭpĕrātor (in certain special cases, esp. of a summary kind)II. In gen. sense, one who has to express an opinion1. jūdex2. existĭmātor (esp. in the way of criticism)3. aestĭmātor (an appreciator, in pecuniary or other sense) • judge (subs.): I. A civil officer: 1. jūdex, ĭcis (in Roman use, applied to the bench of jurors; the presiding judge being called judex quaestionis or quaesītor, in criminal cases: cf. Virg. Aen. 6, 432, where the term quaesitor is applied to Minos in the inferi, the gen. term judex having been used immediately before: judex serves best to denote the judicial function, in widest sense): a most excellent and sagacious j., j. verissimus et sapientissimus, Cic. R. Am. 30, 84: opp. to judex nequam et levis, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 12, 30: Vulg. (= Hebr. Shophetim). 2. quaesītor: v. supr. (1). 3. rĕcŭpĕrātor (in certain special cases, esp. of a summary kind): Cic.: Fest.: v. Dr. Smith's Lat. Dict. s. v. Phr.: to act as j., quaestioni praeesse, Cic. Clu. 33, 89; judicium exercere, Cic. Arch. extr. II. In gen. sense, one who has to express an opinion: 1. jūdex: a competent j. of duty, satis idoneus officii j., Cic. Sull. 18, 50. Join: [aequus] existimator et judex, Cic. Fin. 3, 2, 6. 2. existĭmātor (esp. in the way of criticism): a skilful, intelligent, etc., judge, ex. doctus, intelligens, Cic. (cf. supr., II., 1): no mean j., non levis ex. [neque aspernabilis], Gell. 20, 1, ad init. 3. aestĭmātor (an appreciator, in pecuniary or other sense): Cic. Mar. 5, 15 (aestimator rerum): Val. Max.