soul | Dictionaries | Morcus Latin Tools

• soul:

I. In the lowest sense, the vital principle: ănĭma (ψυχή: v. life): to breathe out one's s. (i. e. to expire), a. edere, agere, efflare, etc. (v. to expire): v. also spirit.
II. The spiritual principle of life, the immortal part in man (ψυχή): ănĭmus (opp. corpus): they whose s.s, scorning their bodies, escape by flying out, ii quorum animi spretis corporibus evolant, Cic. Div. 1, 50, 114: the law shows that the s.s of all men, it is true, are immortal, but that those of the brave and the good partake of deity, (lex) indicat omnium quidem a. immortales esse, sed fortium bonorumque divinos, id. Leg. 2, 11, 27: to believe in the immortality of the s., *censere animum semper permanere, censere a. immortalem esse (Georg.).
III. The s. as the rational faculty:

1. ănĭmus (νοῦς: opp. anima the principle of animal life): certain living things have s., certain vital breath merely, quaedam (animantia) a. habent, quaedam tantum animam, Sen. Ep. 58: v. also mind (I., 1).
2. ănĭma (sometimes for preced.): the s., partaker in reason and counsel, a. rationis consiliique particeps, Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 87: we give up to a master bodies and s.s, domino corpora animasque addicimus, Petr. 117, med.: the Druids want to inculcate the belief that s.s do not perish, but migrate after death from one body to another, hoc (Druides) volunt persuadere, non interire animas, sed ab aliis post mortem transire ad alios, Caes. B. G. 6, 14.
3. spīrĭtus, ūs, m.: a holy s. resides within us, of our ills and blessings an observer and guardian, sacer intra nos s. sedet, malorum bonorumque nostrorum observator et custos, Sen. Ep. 41, init. (v. also conscience): Phoebus hath given me s., Phoebus the art of song, spiritum P. mihi, P. artem carminis dedit, Hor. Od. 4, 6, 29.
4. mens, ingĕnium, etc.: v. mind, intellect. Phr.: (men have said) that bees have a portion of the divine mind and a s., esse apibus partem divinae mentis et haustus aetherios, Virg. G. 4, 220.

IV. The s. as the seat of the will or passions, the emotional faculty (τὸ ἐπιθυμητικόν, θῦμος):

1. ănĭmus: different s.s have a greater inclination for different vices, a. alius ad alia vitia propensior, Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 81: he was the first to paint the s. and delineate the feelings of men, primus a. pinxit et sensus hominum expressit, Plin. 35, 10, 36, 19, § 98: from the s. (= heartily), ex animo, Cic. pass.: quickened energy of s., vivida vis animi, Lucr. 1, 73: the qualities of the s., bona animi, Cic. pass.: the faculties (or energies) of the s., animi partes, id. pass.: a soaring or noble s., a. magnus s. altus, id. pass. Join: a. magnus elatusque humanasque res despiciens, id.: a. magnus erectusque, id.: a. magnus et excelsus, id.: a. magnus et fortis, id. (also expr. by subss.: animi altitudo s. magnitudo, id.: gravitas et altitudo animi, id.): a mean or grovelling s., a. parvus, id.: a pusillus, id.: a. jejunus vel angustus, id.: a brave s., a. fortis s. robustus, id. (also expr. by subs.: animi fortitudo, id.): a disheartened s., a. demissus, id. Join: a. demissus et oppressus, id.: a. fractus et demissus, id.: a. demissus atque humilis, id.: a candid s., Join: a. apertus et simplex, id.: a calm s., a. tranquillus s. aequus, Ov.: a troubled s., a. perturbatus s. sollicitus s. anxius, Cic. For full of s., v. inspired, spirited. [N.B.--When mens and animus occur together, animus expresses the impetuosity and impulse, mens more of the habit and character of a man: e. g. he applies his whole self to war, heart and s., totus et mente et animo bellum insistit, Caes. B. G. 6, 5, init.] See also will.
2. pectus, ŏris, n.: to love a friend with the whole s., amicum toto p. amare, Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 49: a candid s., apertum p., id. Am. 26, 97: narrowness of s., angustiae pectoris, id. Pis. 11, 24: v. heart (III., 1). Sometimes also in poet., cor, praecordia, may serve: v. heart, (III., 3., 4).
3. spīrĭtus, ūs, m.: inspired with divine s., s. divino tactus, Liv. 5, 22, med.: a general of noble s., imperator generosi s., Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 149. Also in plur.: Coriolanus bringing with him even then an angry s., (Coriolanus) hostiles jam tum s. gerens, Liv. 2, 35, post med. Phr.: these (favours) will ever be rooted in my inmost s., haec mihi semper erunt imis infixa medullis, Ov. Tr. 1, 5, 9: thou who art at the bottom of my s., qui mihi haeres in medullis, Cic. Fam. 15, 16, 2. [Note.--Soul need not sometimes be expressed in Latin: e. g., it pains my s., valde doleo aliquid, gravissime fero aliquid (Georg.): the image of my dear father came before my s., subiit cari genitoris imago, Virg. Aen. 2, 560.]

V. A disembodied spirit, the s. after death:

1. ănĭma: thou reservest pious s.s in joyful abodes, tu pias laetis a. reponis sedibus, Hor. Od. 1, 10, 17: cf. Virg. Aen. 3, 67: the s. which is wont to wander when it has quitted the body, a. quae relicto corpore errare solet (based on Plin. 7, 52, 53, § 174): cf. revocator animarum, Ps. Quint. Decl. 10, 19.
2. mānes, ium, m. plur.: Virg.: v. also ghost.
3. pii (absol.: seats of the blessed): piorum sedes, Cic. Phil. 14, 12, 32: cf. arva piorum, Ov. M. 11, 62.

VI. The fundamental principle (of things) or leading actor (of persons):

1. fundāmentum: dutifulness is the s. (or fundamental principle) of all virtues, pietas f. est omnium virtutum, Cic. Planc. 12, 29: cf. f. justitiae est fides, id. Off. 1, 7, 23.
2. vis (v. force, I., 1.): all the s. of friendship, omnis v. amicitiae, id. Am. 4, 15: that divine s. and energy of the orator, v. illa divina virtusque oratoris, id. de Or. 2, 27, 120.
3. mĕdulla (lit. marrow: very rare): the s. (or marrow) of persuasion, suadae m., Cic. Br. 15, 59.
4. auctor (of persons): Cic. pass. Join: he was the s. of the enterprise, dux, a., actor rerum gerendarum fuit (based on Cic. Sest. 28, 61) Also caput, princeps, v. leader, head (VII.). Phr.: Hampsicora being the s. of that affair, maxime eam rem moliente Hampsicora, Liv. 23, 32.

VII. A human being, person:

1. căput, ĭtis, n.: of the citizens there were numbered 143,704 s.s, censa sunt civium capita centum quadraginta tria millia septingenta quatuor, Liv. 35, 9, init.: v. also person (I., 2).
2. ănĭma (in pl.): noble s.s., egregiae a., Virg. Aen. 11, 24: Hor. S. 1, 5, 41: Tac. H. 4, 32.
3. nēmo (not a s.): because for the last seven months not a s. has set foot in this house, quia septem menses sunt quum in hasce aedes pedem nemo intro tetulit, Pl. Most. 2, 2, 39. Not a single s., nemo omnium, Cic.: n. omnium mortalium, id.: n. quisquam, Ter.: n. unus, Cic. Phr.: not a s. survived, haud ullum superfuit animal (Georg.).

VIII. As a term of endearment: my s., my heart:

1. ănĭmus: salve, anime mi, Pl. Curc. 1, 2, 3.
2. ănĭmŭlus (like preced.): mi animule, id. Cas. 1, 46. Cf. meum cor, id. Poen. 1, 2, 154: corculum, id. Cas. 4, 4, 15.

IX. As a term of praise or pity (colloq.): expr. by homo with adj.: a worthy s. doubtless, probum scilicet hominem (acc. of exclamation), Ter.: good, honest s.s, judging others from their own nature, homines antiqui qui ceteros ex sua natura fingerent, Cic. R. Am. 9, 26. Or may be expr. by adj. simply. See also supr. (VII., 2), poor (IV.).

• SOUL

The spirit of man, anima (the principle of life; also, the soul apart from the body, the spirit ☞ not = “the intellect” in the best prose): spiritus (the breath of life): animus (the living power, the sensitive and appetitive nature, ὁ θυμός; then the whole spiritual nature of man; opposed to corpus): mens (the intellect; ὁ νοῦς). Τo believe the immortality of the soul, censere animum semper permanere; censere animum immortalem esse: from my soul, ex animo; vere: with all my soul, toto animo.
A living being, a person, anima: caput, homo. Not a soul, nemo: there was not a soul in the house, nemo natus in aedibus fuit (comedy); hominum numerus capitum xxx. millium erat (30, 000 souls, Caes.).
Figuratively, A principal actor, leading principle or power, auctor: princeps (leader): fundamentum (ground-work): He was the very soul of the undertaking, dux, auctor, actor rerum gerendarum fuit (after Cic., Sext., 28, 61); princeps erat agendae rei (Liv., 4, 48, § 8): piety is the soul of virtue, pietas fundamentum est omnium virtutum.

Appearance

Reading text

Issues / Feedback

Dictionary settings