maintain Copy link Outline I. To preserve in a certain state or condition1. servo, 12. conservo, 1 (strengthened from simple verb)3. tĕneo, ui, ntum, 2 (to hold fast)4. obtĭneo, 2 (esp. under difficulty or opposition)5. sustĭneo, 2 (to bear up, as a burden)6. tŭeor, 2 (by active exertion)II. To hold against any one1. rĕtĭneo, 22. obtĭneo, 23. tĕneo, 2III. In milit. senseIV. To keep up, continue1. rĕtĭneo, 22. sustĭneo, 2 (cf. supr. I., 5)V. To sustain a part or character1. sustĭneo, 22. tueor, 23. dēfendo, di, sum, 3 (poet.)VI. To supply with the necessaries of life1. ălo, ui, tum and ĭtum, 32. sustĭneo, 23. exhĭbeo, 2 (late)VII. To support by argument1. contendo, di, sum and tum, 3 (to m. earnestly, against a disputant)2. affirmo, 1 (to assert confidently)3. stătuo, 3 (to lay down a thesis)4. dēfendo, di, sum, 35. obtĭneo, 2 (to m. successfully, establish) • maintain: I. To preserve in a certain state or condition: 1. servo, 1: to m. one's dignity, dignitatem servare, Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221: to m. peace with any one, pacem cum aliquo s., Cic. Ph. 7, 8, 22: to m. equanimity, aequam mentem s., Hor. 2. conservo, 1 (strengthened from simple verb): to m. allegiance towards any one, fidem erga aliquem c., Caes. B. C. 1, 84: to m. a law, legem c., Quint. 9, 2, 83: Cic.: v. to preserve, keep. 3. tĕneo, ui, ntum, 2 (to hold fast): to m. its (proper) condition (of the state), statum t., Cic. Rep. 1, 28: to m. a right, jus t., Cic. 4. obtĭneo, 2 (esp. under difficulty or opposition): v. infr. (II.). Join: obtinere et conservare, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 12. 5. sustĭneo, 2 (to bear up, as a burden): to m. a public cause, causam publicam s., Cic. Div. Verr. 8, fin.: to m. the dignity and honour of the state, civitatis dignitatem et decus s., id. Off. 1, 34, 124. 6. tŭeor, 2 (by active exertion): to m. concord, concordiam t., Cic. Att. 1, 17, 3: to m. dignity, dignitatem t., id. Join: tueri et conservare, id. Man. 5, 12. II. To hold against any one: 1. rĕtĭneo, 2: to m. one's rights, jus suum r., Cic. Verr. 3, 14, 37. 2. obtĭneo, 2: to m. prerogative, jus ob., Tac. A. 1, 32: more fully, jus contra aliquem ob., Cic. Quint. 9, 34. 3. tĕneo, 2: cf. supr. (I., 3). III. In milit. sense: to hold a position against attack: tĕneo, rĕtĭneo, sustĭneo., 2: v. hold (V.); hold out (II.). IV. To keep up, continue: 1. rĕtĭneo, 2: v. to retain. 2. sustĭneo, 2 (cf. supr. I., 5): to m. the contest longer, ultra s. certamen, Liv. 33, 36., med.: v. to hold out (II.). In similar sense, frequent. sustento, 1 (to make efforts to m.), Tac. A. 2, 17 (s. pugnam). V. To sustain a part or character: 1. sustĭneo, 2: I singly m. three characters, tres personas unus sustineo, Cic. de Or. 2, 24, 102. 2. tueor, 2: Cic. Br. 20, 80 (personam tueri). 3. dēfendo, di, sum, 3 (poet.): Hor. A. P. 194 (partes defendere). Phr.: to m. the part of clemency, partes lenitatis agere., Cic. Mur. 3, 6. VI. To supply with the necessaries of life: 1. ălo, ui, tum and ĭtum, 3: as his farm was not quite enough to m. him, quum eum agellus non satis aleret, Cic. N. D. 1, 26, 75: to m. a large number of cavalry, magnum numerum equitatus a., Caes. 2. sustĭneo, 2: Cic.: Liv.: v. to support. So frequent. sustento, 1 (implying continued effort): to m. (one's) family, familiam s., Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 35. Pass. refl., sustentari, to m. oneself, get a living. Tac. A. 4, 13 (with abl. of the means whereby). 3. exhĭbeo, 2 (late): to be m.'d by a parent, exhiberi a parente, Ulp. Dig. 25, 3., 5, init. See also livelihood. VII. To support by argument: 1. contendo, di, sum and tum, 3 (to m. earnestly, against a disputant): foll. by acc. and inf., Cic. Pl. 19, fin.: with acc. of neut. pron., aliquid contra aliquem c., id. Quint. 25, 78. Rarely intrans.: ut Asclepiades contendit, as A. maintains: Cels. pref. ad med. 2. affirmo, 1 (to assert confidently): cf. Tac. G. 2, quidam plures deo ortos ... affirmant: so confirmo (stronger than affirmo): v. to assert. 3. stătuo, 3 (to lay down a thesis): v. to lay down (II.). 4. dēfendo, di, sum, 3: he never m.'d a proposition that he did not succeed in proving, nullam rem defendit quam non probavit, Cic. de Or. 2, 38, fin. Impers. defenditur, it is m.'d (with acc. and inf.), id. Fin. 3, 21, 71. 5. obtĭneo, 2 (to m. successfully, establish): can we m. what we affirm, possumus quod dicimus ob.? Cic. Verr. 3, 71, 168: they imagine they can m. two contrary propositions, se posse putant duas contrarias sententias ob., id. Fin. 4, 28, 78.
MAINTAIN Copy link • MAINTAINTo support, defend, tenere, obtinere (where the truth is contested): contendere; defendere (the former, to endeavor to carry against a different opinion; the latter, to defend; both, against opposition): affirmare (to maintain as true, to assert, affirm): asseverare (to maintain earnestly: ☞ in Cic., followed by an accusative and infinitive; in the Silver Age, found also, with a simple accusative. ☞ Asserere is not classical in this sense): efficere (to establish by proof): disserere, disputare (to assert and discuss): ponere, proponere, placet or videtur mihi (to lay down as one’s own opinion): dicere (to give as one’s opinion: all followed by an accusative and infinitive): aio (I say that a thing is so; opposed to nego): to maintain the contrary, negare: Democritus maintains that no one can be a good poet without enthusiasm, Democritus negat, sine furore quemquam poetam magnura esse posse. To supply with the necessaries of life, nutrire aliquem (to nourish with food and drink): alere (in a wider sense, to furnish everything that serves for sustenance): sustinere, sustentare aliquem, victum alicui praebere (to care for one’s maintenance): to maintain one’s self by any means, alere se aliqua re (e.g., se suosque latrociniis): victum quaeritare aliqua re (e.g., lanā ac telā, Terentianus, Andr., 1, 1, 48; therefore, by one’s needle, acu): to maintain one’s self by selling chaplets, coronas venditando sustentare paupertatem: maintain one’s self by the labor of one’s hands, manum mercede tolerare inopiam.