keep (v.) Copy link Outline A. Trans.I. To hold; not to let go1. tĕneo, ui, ntum, 22. servo, 1 (esp. in danger or difficulty)3. custōdio, 4 (under watch and d)4. hăbeo, 2 (laying less stress on the idea of retention; esp. to have in a certain state)II. To store upIII. To support, preserve. servo, conservoIV. To have, rear animals1. ălo, ui, tum, 32. pasco, pavi, pastum, 3V. Fig.1. servo, 12. custōdio, 4 (to keep carefully3. exsolvo, solvi, sŏlūtum, 3 (to discharge an obligation)VI. In phr., to k. accountsB. Intrans.I. To remain without being spoiled1. expr. by servo (pass.)2. dūro, 1II. To remain • keep (v.): A. Trans.: I. To hold; not to let go: 1. tĕneo, ui, ntum, 2: to k. a position, locum t., Caes. B. C. 1, 44, extr.: v. to hold, retain. So comps. (1.) contĭneo (stronger than teneo: to k. hold upon): to seize more easily than to k., expeditius rapere quam c., Curt. 4, 11, med.: to k. in allegiance, in fide c., Liv. 28, 2, fin.: to k. employed, in exercitatione c., Cic. Fam. 7, 19. (2.) rĕtĭneo (esp. as opp. to the notion of sending away, giving up): to k. legions near the capital, [reservare et] r. legiones ad urbem, Caes. B. C. 1, 2: to k. to allegiance, in fide r., Liv. 25, 40, med.: Cic. (3.) attĭneo (rare in this sense): Tac. 2. servo, 1 (esp. in danger or difficulty): to k. rank, s. ordines, Caes. B. G. 4, 26: very often with reference to moral obligation: Caes.: Cic.: v. infr. (III.). So comps. (1.) asservo, 1 (esp. to k. in custody): to be kept in prison, in carcerem asservari, Liv. 8, 20, med.: also, a. aliquem vinctum, Ter. Andr. 5, 2, 24; or simply, asservare, Cic. Verr. 3, 22, 55. (2.) conservo, 1 (strengthened from servo): to k. (their) original temper towards the Roman people, pristinum animum erga P. R. cons., Liv. 31. 2: esp. with ref. to obligation (v. infr. V.). (3.) rĕservo, 1: v. to reserve. 3. custōdio, 4 (under watch and d): Fig.: to k. a book most carefully librum diligentissime c., Cic. Fam 6, 5. 4. hăbeo, 2 (laying less stress on the idea of retention; esp. to have in a certain state): to k. any one blockaded, aliquem in obsidione h., Caes. B. G. 3, 31: to k. in one's power, in potestatem (al. potestate) h., Caes. B. C. 1, 25: Sall.: to k. sick patients in the dark, aegros in tenebris h., Cels. 3, 18, ad init. Esp. in phr., sibi secum h., to k. to oneself, Cic. Ph. 2, 28, 69: fig. of keeping a close secret, id. Fam. 7, 25. So cŏhĭbeo (stronger than simple verb, and implying restraint): k. yourselves indoors, cohibete intra limen vos, Pl.: v. to restrain. II. To store up: condo, rĕcondo, custōdio: v. to store, preserve. III. To support, preserve. servo, conservo: v. to preserve. IV. To have, rear animals: 1. ălo, ui, tum, 3: to k. hounds, a. canes ad venandum, Ter. Andr. 1, 1, 30: Varr.. Non. 2. pasco, pavi, pastum, 3: to k. nags, grooms, caballos, calones p., Hor. S. 1, 6, 104: Cic. Off. 2, 4, 14: Juv. (Alo includes the breeding and rearing of animals; pasco denotes simply the supplying of them with food.) V. Fig.: to observe, adhere to: 1. servo, 1: to k. faith, one's promise, fidem s., Caes. B. G. 6, 36; promissa s.: Cic. Off. 1, 10, 32: to k. the commandments, mandata s., Vulg. Matt. xix. 17. In same sense, conservo: to k. an oath, jusjurandum c., Cic. Off. 3, 28, 103: to k. a law, legem c., Quint. 9, 2, 83. 2. custōdio, 4 (to keep carefully: not in Cic.): to k. a rule, regulam c., Quint. 1, 7, 1: Col. 3. exsolvo, solvi, sŏlūtum, 3 (to discharge an obligation): to k. an oath, a promise, jusjurandum exsolvere, Liv. 24, 18; fidem ex., id. 26, 31, fin. VI. In phr., to k. accounts: tabulas conficere, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 23: also, codicem instituere, conscribere, id. R. Com. 2, 6. Miscell. Phr.: to k. one's bed (from sickness), jacere, cubare (v. ill, to be); from inclination, lectulo (lecto) contineri, Plin. Ep. 3, 1, 4: to k. one's house, domi se retinere, Nep. Epam. 10: to k. a school, docere, Suet. Gr. pass.; scholam tueri, ib. 8: k. a thing secret, celare, with double acc. (v. to keep back): to k. the company waiting, convivas morari, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 120: to k. a day as an annual holiday, festum diem anniversarium agere, Cic. Verr. 4, 48, extr.: in same sense, agitare, Cic. ib. 2, 63, 154 (v. to observe). See also foll. artt. B. Intrans.: I. To remain without being spoiled: 1. expr. by servo (pass.): all these k. well, with the same mode of preserving, haec omnia una conditura commode servantur, Col. 12, 7. 2. dūro, 1: to k. through the winter (of grapes), d. per hiemes, Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 16. So, grapes that will k. through the winter, uvae hiemis temporibus durabiles, Col. 3, 2, init. II. To remain: q. v. See also foll. artt.
KEEP Copy link • KEEP 1. INTRANS., Not to spoil, durare (to last; of fruit, poma; opposed to poma fugiunt, do not keep): vetustatem ferre or pati (of wine, etc.): aevum pati (of fruits; Col.): not to keep, vetustatis impatientem esse (of fruits, etc; Col.): that does not keep, fugax (of fruit); fugiens (of wine). To make anything keep well, perennitatem alicui rei afferre (Col.). To keep doing anything, non desistere aliquid facere, or sometimes quin faciam aliquid. To keep on, tenere: durare: non remittere. It kept on raining the whole night, imber continens tenuit per totam noctem. To keep up with, cursum alicujus adaequare (Liv.). To keep close to, non discedere a (e.g., a alicujus latere). To keep out of anybody’s sight, se occultare alicui or a conspectu alicujus. TRANS., To preserve, retain, tenere (to hold and not let go; also, to keep a military post, etc.): retinere (to keep back, retain): continere (to keep together; e.g., copias [in] castris; persons in their allegiance, aliquos in officio): servare: reservare (to preserve, not suffer to perish, not wear out): asservare (to watch or guard carefully, a corpse at a place, etc.): conservare (to preserve in its condition, leave uninjured): condere: recondere (to heap or pile up fruits, etc.): reponere: seponere (to lay by, lay aside for future use). (The words are found in this connection and order.) condere et reponere; reponere et recondere: to keep anything for future use, servare or reponere in vetustatem (e.g., vinum); recondere in annos (e.g., corn, frumenta): to keep the town for Caes., urbem Caesari servare (Caes.): to keep anything in writing, litteris custodire: to have anything kept, aliquid repositum et recondirum habere: to give anything to anybody’s keeping [Vid: KEEPING]. To protect, guard, Vid: To observe laws, etc., Vid: IMPROPR., To keep one’s self for other times, aliis temporibus se reservare (Cic.). To keep anything in mind or memory, aliquid memoria tenere, custodire: alicujus rei memoriam conservare, retinere (to retain the recollection of anything): to keep anything secret, celare, supprimere aliquid (to keep anything to one’s self; i. e., not to tell it abroad); tenere (to keep to one’s self; i. e., not to say what one feels disposed to say, Cic., De Or., 2, 54, fin.); continere (Cic., De Or., 1, 47; opposed to proferre, enunciare): tacite babere: secum habere: tacere, reticere: integrum sibi reservare (to keep entirely to one’s self, not to communicate to another): not to keep anything to one’s self, aliquid haud occultum tenere; aliquid proferre, enunciare, effutire (to spread abroad, blab): to keep that to yourself (i. e., tell it no further), haec tu tecum habeto; hoc tibi solum dictum puta. Keep that to yourself, tibi habe (from the form used in divorces, res tuas tibi habe; used when we surrender our right to another person; often ironically or contemptuously; e.g., quamobrem tibi habe sane istam laudationem, Cic., Verr., 4, 67: so clamare coeperunt, sibi ut haberet hereditatem. ☞ In this form the dative of the pronoun must not be omitted, Zumpt ad Cic., Verr., 4, 8, 18). To keep (any) accounts, tabulas conficere (of a tradesman). I tell it to you as a secret, therefore keep it as such, secreto hoc audi tecumque habeto. I cannot keep anything to myself, plenus rimarum sum, hac atque illac perfluo (Com., Ter., Eun., 1, 2, 25). To keep one’s word, fidem servare, conservare, or praestare: not to keep one’s word, fidem fallere, mutare, frustrari, frangere, violare: both parties kept their word or promise, utrisque fides constitit: to call upon anybody to keep his word, *postulare, ut aliquis fidem datam exsolvat or servet. To keep hounds, canes aleread venandum. To keep a mistress, countenance, a secret, silence, a resolution; Vid: the substantives. To keep one’s bed, continere se in lectulo (Cic.); in lecto esse; lecto teneri; lecto affixum esse (†): to keep the house, domi manere, remanere.; servare domi (Bentl., Ter., Eun., 4, 7, 10: al. domum); servare in aedibus (Plaut.); propter valetudinem domo non exire (from illness). To keep anybody in prison, aliquem in custodiā retinere. A kept mistress, mulier, quae cum aliquo vivere consuevit. To keep a feast, celebrare (e.g., a birthday, etc.; of the persons who attend the celebration); diem prosequi (☞ Nep., Att., 4, extr.). To keep back, (1) To keep secret, Vid: above. (2) To hold back [Vid: HOLD]. To keep down, depressum tenere (PROP.): comprimere (IMPROP.; e.g., anybody’s ambition, alicujus ambitionem): reprimere (to repress; e.g., iracundiam). To keep from. To keep anybody from anything, prohibere aliquem aliqua re (less commonly, ab aliqua re); arcere aliquem (ab) aliqua re: dehortari (to keep him from it by exhortation). ☞ All these are followed by ne, quominus, or infinitive, in the sense of “to keep from doing anything;” Vid: Zumpt, § 343: avocare, abducere aliquem ab aliqua re (to call or bring him back from an object he is pursuing). To keep the enemy from laying waste the country, hostem prohibere populationibus. Even fear cannot keep you from the commission of the foulest crimes, ne metus quidem a foedissimis factis te potest avocare. To keep one’s self from doing anything, tenere se ab aliqua re facienda or quin aliquid faciat; or continere se a re (facienda), quin, etc. [Vid: REFRAIN]. To keep in; [Vid: To RESTRAIN]. To keep a horse in, equum sustinere or retinere. To keep in repair, tueri (tecta, or sarta tecta aedium; vias). To keep off, prohibere (to keep at a distance); defendere (to repel); aliquid ab aliquo and aliquem ab aliqua re (Vid: Herzog, Caes., B.G., 1, 34; Zumpt, §469): arcere aliquem re or ab aliqua re (to check, hinder from going further): propulsare aliquid ab aliquo, or aliquem aliqua re, or ab aliqua re (to keep off with all one’s power): to keep off the war from the borders, defendere bellum [Vid: Herzog, loc. cit.): the toga keeps off the cold, toga defendit frigus: to keep off the heat of the sun, nimios defendere ardores solis. To keep out (= not allow to come in), aliquem aditu arcere; aliquem introitu prohibere; alicui introitum praecludere (general terms); aliquem janua prohibere; aliquem foribus arcere; aliquem excludere (not to allow to enter the door; excludere = “to shut the door in his face”): arcere (to keep off or out what would be unpleasant or injurious; e.g., to keepout the rain, pluvias aquas arcere; the sun, solem). To keep up, sustinere or sustentare. To keep anybody up, sustinere aliquem a lapsu (who was near falling). To keep up anybody’s spirits, alicujus animum excitare; aliquem erigere. To keep anybody back from anything, arcere aliquem re and a re; propulsare aliquem or aliquid a re (to drive back): defendere, prohibere aliquem and aliquid (to keep off); avertere aliquem and aliquid a re (to turn away); retardare aliquem (e.g., a scribendo). 2. s. arx: locus munitissimus.