life Copy link Outline I. Of men or animals1. vīta (gen. term)2. ănĭma (the vital principle, not involving intelligence)3. sălus, ūtis, f. (of one whose life is endangered by illness or other causes)II. Human life, as a period of timeIII. Human life, as including actions and characterIV. Animating spirit, vivacity1. vĭgor (rather stronger than the Eng.)2. sūcus or succus (lit. juice, sap)3. ălacrĭtas4. vĭrĭdĭtas (young, fresh l.)V. The reality • life: I. Of men or animals: 1. vīta (gen. term): the l. of animals, v. animantium, Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 134: man's physical l., v. quae corpore et spiritu continetur, id. Marc. 9, 28: to take away any one's l., v. alicui eripere, Cic. Ph. 2, 24, 60; adimere, id. Pl. 42, 101; auferre, id. Sen. 19, 71: to quit l., vita excedere; cedere e vita, etc. (v. to die): to come to l. again, reviviscere, Cic.: to sacrifice one's l. freely, v. profundere, Cic. Fam. 1, 4. 2. ănĭma (the vital principle, not involving intelligence): sometimes used = vita: cf. Cic. Cat. 4, 9, 18, de vestra vita, de conjugum vestrarum ac liberorum anima (to avoid repetition): more freq. = mere existence; cf. Sall. Jug. 14, med., pauci quibus relicta est anima: v. breath. Dimin. animula, a spark of l. (fig.), Cic. Att. 9, 7, init. 3. sălus, ūtis, f. (of one whose life is endangered by illness or other causes): without hope of saving l., sine spe salutis, Nep. Att. fin.: not to save l. but to destroy it, non ad salutem sed ad necem, Auct. Har. Resp. 16, extr. Phr.: 'tis not a matter of l. and death with him, non capitis ejus res agitur, Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 26: early l., iniens aetas, Cic. Off. 1, 34, 122; prima aetas, Suet. Caes. 30: the prime of l., bona aetas, Cic. Sen. 14, 48; constans aetas, ib. 10, 33: the decline of l., senectus, ib.; more precisely, deterior aetas (poet.), Ov. Pont. 1, 4, 1. II. Human life, as a period of time: aetas: v. life-time. III. Human life, as including actions and character: vīta: the l.s of eminent commanders, vita excellentium imperatorum, Nep. pref. extr.: l. and character, v., mores, Liv. 40, 16, init.: an honourable, disgraceful l., vita honesta, turpis, Cic. pass. IV. Animating spirit, vivacity: 1. vĭgor (rather stronger than the Eng.): the same l. (energy) in his looks, idem v. in vultu, Liv. 21, 4: v. vigour. 2. sūcus or succus (lit. juice, sap): to drain away all the l. of genius, omnem s. ingenii bibere, Quint. lib. 1, prooem., § 24 (said of the effect of too much technicality): Cic. Or. 23, 76. Join: sucus et sanguis [civitatis], Cic. Att. 4, 16, 6. 3. ălacrĭtas: v. alacrity, cheerfulness. 4. vĭrĭdĭtas (young, fresh l.): Cic. Am. 3, 11. Phr.: to lose l., languescere (de oratore), Cic. Sen. 9, 28: see also to flag. V. The reality: of living things: Phr.: to paint from the l., perh. *ipsa corpora ob oculos posita pingendo exprimere; ipsorum corporum pingendo imaginem exprimere. Fig.: to the l., *ad ipsam rei speciem (?). See also graphic, graphically.
LIFE Copy link • LIFEAs a state; opposed to death, vita (Greek, βίος, general term; opposed to mors); anima, spiritus (breathy of life); salus (existence from moment to moment; opposed to interitus, exitium); caput (the head, as seat of life); lux, haec lux (the light of day: ☞ vitae lux is without good authority; Vid: commentators on Cic., Cat., 1, 6, 15). Physical life, vita, quae corpore et spiritu continetur: in my life, in vita mea; dum vivo; me vivo: to have life, vivere; vitam habere; in vita esse; vita or hac luce frui (to enjoy life): to receive life, nasci; in lucem edi: to receive new life and strength, reviviscere et recreari: to lose life, vitam amittere, perdere; interfici, necari (to be killed); necari (with violence): to come to life again, reviviscere: to destroy one’s own life, mortem sibi consciscere; manus sibi or vim vitae suae inferre; manus sibi afferre (☞ the following phrases are unusual and rather poetical: manu vitam sibi exhaurire; occupare diem fati; occupare manu mortem; finem vitae sibi ponere, etc.: avoid se interficere): to take away the life of anyone, vitam alicui auferre, adimere, eripere; aliquem vita or hac luce privare; alicui vim afferre; (more rarely) aliquem vita expellere: to seek the life of anyone, alicujus vitae or capiti insidiari; alicujus vitam appetere (ferro atque manibus); necem or interitum alicui parare: to despair of the life of anyone, *aegri salutem desperare (as a physician; aegri salus, Cic., De N.D., 3, 38, 91): to give one his life, vitam alicui dare (general term, also of a physician; Vid: Plin., 2, 20, 8); vitam alicui concedere, alicui mortem remittere, usuram lucis alicui dare (to a person condemned to death); alicujus vitae parcere, consulere (to spare the life); aliquem procreare (to beget); aliquem parere (to bring forth): your letter has given me a little life again (figuratively), litterae tuae me sollicitum aliquid levarunt (after Cic., Att. 4, 7, 1; but litterae tuae mihi quiddam quasi animulae restillarunt is only conjecture in Cic., Att., 4, 7, 1): to call into life, gignere, procreare (to beget); facere, efficere (to make, effect, of things): to preserve one’s life, aliquem conservare: to owe one’s life to another, natum esse aliquo (to be begotten); alicui salutem debere, alicujus beneficio vivere (to owe one’s deliverance or preservation): to pray for one’s life, mortem deprecari: to pray for the life of another, alicujus vitam deprecari ab aliquo: to come off with one’s life, salvum, incolumem evadere: my life is in danger, I run the risk of my life, in vitas periculum addictus sum; caput agitur. In respect of the manner how or where one lives, vita; victus (in respect of domestic management, so that when vita and victus occur near each other, vita refers to the public, and victus to the private life; e.g., Nep., Alcib., 1, 3; non minus in vita, quam in victu splendidus erat): in public life, in republica gerenda: common life, vita quotidiana: in common life, in vitae consuetudine; vulgo (commonly): the language of common life, genus sermonis usitatum: to use the language of common life, verbis quotidianis uti: to lead a certain life, vivere (with an adverb); vitam agere (with an adjective; ☞ but not vitam ducere; i. e., to drag on life); e.g., to lead a happy life, vivere feliciter, beate; vitam felicem agere: to lead a poor life, vitam tolerare inopem. In respect of the time during which one lives, vita; aetas: to devote one’s life to studies, omnem suam vitam consumere in studiis: to devote one’s life to the investigation of a thing, aetatem agere in quaerenda aliqua re: to pass the rest of one’s life in retirement, quod reliquum est vitae in otio degere: he has often in his life destroyed an innocent citizen by false witness, saepe in aetate sua perdidit civem innocentem falso testimonio. In respect of time and action; to describe the life of anyone, alicujus vitae imaginem exprimere: to review one’s life, *vitae memoriam recolere; praeteriti temporis spatium respicere (☞ Cic., Arch., 1, 1). Reality, original, verum: to draw one to the life, ad verum (☞ not ad vivum) exprimere: alicujus similitudinem effingere ex vero (Plin., Ep., 4, 28, extr.): to represent one to the life, effingere alicujus imaginem dicendo (Quint., 6, 1, 8): to describe or paint anything to the life, aliquid sic exponere quasi agatur res, non quasi narretur (Cic.); aliquid ita ostendere, ut non clarius futurum sit spectantibus (Quint., of a battle). That which is as dear to us as our life; e.g., my life! mea vita! mea lux! you are my life, certe tu vita es mihi (comedy). PHRASES, (a) Course of life, vitae (or Vivendi) cursus, curriculum (the period or space of life); vivendi or vitae via (way of life): to choose our course of life, deligere quam viam vivendi ingressuri simus: to enter upon, walk in a right course of life, rectam vitae viam sequi: to finish or complete the course of life, vitae cursum or vivendi curriculum conficere: (b) Plan of life, vitae or vivendi consilium; vitae institutum; vitae propositum; vitae ratio et institutio; vita: to sketch out a plan of life, vivendi consilium (or, simply, vitam) constituere: to change one’s plan of life, institutorum mutationem facere; vitae propositum mutare. (c) Rule of life, vitae, vivendi or (in respect of conduct) agendi praeceptum; vitae lex; lex qua vivamus; vitae ratio (plur., vitae rationes): to draw up rules of life for one’s self, vitae rationes suscipere: to give rules of life to anyone, vivendi praecepta alicui dare: to receive or learn rules of life from anyone, agendi praecepta ab aliquo accipere. (d) Weariness of life, vivendi or vitae satietas (a being satisfied with life); vitae odium (distaste for life; opposed to vitae amor): I feel weariness of life, vitae satietas me cepit; vitae me taedet: everyday life, quotidianae vitae consuetudo. Mode of living, conduct, vita; mores (manners, behavior). A bad, shameful life, vita turpis: to lead a bad, disgraceful life, turpiter, improbe, vivere: a virtuous life, vita honesta, sancta; vita honesta or per virtutem acta: to lead a virtuous life, honeste, sancte, vivere: a dissolute life, vita omnibus flagitiis, or omnibus libidinibus, dedita: to lead a dissolute life, omnibus flagitiis, or omnibus libidinibus, deditum esse; luxuria diffluere. Liveliness, sprightliness, alacritas (liveliness); spiritus (enlivening spirit): spirit and life of an orator, calor et vehementia dicentis: there is no life here, omnia hic jacent, languent.