cross (subs.) Copy link Outline I. The instrument of punishment, which sometimes was a single stakeII. The shape or figure so called1. dĕcussis, is2. quincunx, ncis, m.3. literae X formaIII. The Christian symbolIV. Any trouble or suffering1. crux2. mŏlestia, crŭciātus, mala atque incommoda pro Christo perpessaV. In breeding animals • cross (subs.): I. The instrument of punishment, which sometimes was a single stake: crux, crŭcis, f.: to fix to a c., in cruce suffigere, Cic. (v. crucify): to hang on a c., in cruce pendere, Plin.: to set up a c. for any one, alicui c. statuere, Suet. II. The shape or figure so called: 1. dĕcussis, is: the figure X: Vitr.: Plin. 2. quincunx, ncis, m.: esp. in phr. in quincuncem, cross-wise, as the points were arranged for five unciae :·: v. cross-wise. 3. literae X forma: to make an incision in the form of a c., incidere ad similitudinem, ad figuram literae X, Cels. (Q.) Phr.: to divide after the manner of a c., decusso, 1: Cic. N.B. Crux is not used in this sense in classical writers, as the shape of the cross varied in ancient times (v. supr. I.), but it would perhaps be pedantic to avoid such a use of the word now: thus we might say, a building which forms a c., *aedificium crucis formam habens, referens: to sign a document with a c., *tabulas crucis forma subscribere. III. The Christian symbol: crux: Vulg. Often used by meton. for the Christian faith: as, the missionary of the c., *fidei Christianae nuntius: but in this sense perh. crux may be sometimes used: cf. Vulg. 1 Cor. 1, 17, 18. IV. Any trouble or suffering: 1. crux: cf. Ter. Phor. 3, 3, 11: "quaere in malo crucem," i. e. in malo aliud malum, Don.: Pl.: the life of a good monk is itself a c., vita boni monachi c. est, à Kempis. 2. mŏlestia, crŭciātus, mala atque incommoda pro Christo perpessa: v. affliction. V. In breeding animals: mixtum s. confusum genus: cf. Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 195: see also hybrid.
cross (adj.) Copy link Outline I. Placed across1. transversus2. transversāriusII. Adverse, alternate, contraryIII. Ill-tempered • cross (adj.): I. Placed across: 1. transversus: c. roads, t. viae, Cic.: c. beams, t. tigna, Caes. 2. transversārius: c. beams, t. tigna, or simply transversaria, Vitr. II. Adverse, alternate, contrary: Phr.: c. circumstances, res adversae: v. adversity: c. challenging of jurymen, alterna judicum rejectio, Cic.: to be at c. purposes, imprudentes inter se adversari: v. adverse, etc. III. Ill-tempered: diffĭcĭlis, ămārus, mōrōsus: v. ill-tempered, peevish. Phr.: to be c. with oneself, secum stomachari, Cic.: v. VEXED (to be).
cross (v.) Copy link Outline A. Trans.I. To draw a line or lay a body across1. dĕcusso, 1 (in form of X)2. cancello, 1 (to cover as with trellis-workII. To mix breedsIII. To pass over1. transeo, ii, ĭtum, 4, irr. (applicable to any mode of transit)2. trājĭcio, jēci, jectum, 3 (strictly to throw across, and so foll. by two accusatives3. transcendo, di, sum, 3 (strictly of that which is elevated)4. transgrĕdior, gressus, 3 (strictly to cross on foot)5. transmitto, mīsi, missum, 3 (usu. of crossing water)6. sŭpĕro, 1IV. Of the mind1. sŭbeo, ĭi, ĭtum, 4, irr. (usu. foll. by acc.)2. in mentem venire (the thing which crosses the mind being sometimes the subject and sometimes put in the gen.3. occurro, 3V. To thwartB. Intrans. • cross (v.): A. Trans.: I. To draw a line or lay a body across: 1. dĕcusso, 1 (in form of X): Cic. 2. cancello, 1 (to cover as with trellis-work: Col. Phr.: to c. the legs, poplites alternis genibus imponere, Plin. 28, 6, 17. II. To mix breeds: genus miscere: cf. Plin. 8, 53, 79: or perh. genus confundere, cf. Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 195. III. To pass over: 1. transeo, ii, ĭtum, 4, irr. (applicable to any mode of transit): to c. the Rhine, Rhenum tr., Caes.: to c. the forum, forum tr., Hor.: the Rhone is crossed in some places by a ford, Rhodanus nonnullis locis vado transitur, Caes. 2. trājĭcio, jēci, jectum, 3 (strictly to throw across, and so foll. by two accusatives: see L. G. § 246: in present sense used both with and without pron. refl.): if Antony has c.'d the Alps, si se Alpes Antonius trajecerit, Cic.: to c. the Trebia on rafts, Trebiam ratibus tr., Liv.: to c. rivers by swimming, flumina nando tr., Suet. 3. transcendo, di, sum, 3 (strictly of that which is elevated): to c. the Caucasus, Caucasum tr., Cic.: to c. valleys, valles tr., Caes.: to c. the threshold, limen tr., Prop. 4. transgrĕdior, gressus, 3 (strictly to cross on foot): to c. the pomoerium, pomoerium tr., Cic.: to c. a river (of cavalry), flumen tr., Caes. 5. transmitto, mīsi, missum, 3 (usu. of crossing water): cranes c. the seas, grues maria tr., Cic.: to c. the Iberus, Iberum tr., Liv. 6. sŭpĕro, 1: v. surmount. IV. Of the mind: to occur to: 1. sŭbeo, ĭi, ĭtum, 4, irr. (usu. foll. by acc.): the thought c.'d their mind, cogitatio animum subiit, Liv.: also without cogitatio or any similar word, Virg.: v. to occur to. 2. in mentem venire (the thing which crosses the mind being sometimes the subject and sometimes put in the gen.: see L. G. § 278, Obs. 5): Cic. 3. occurro, 3: Join: quodcunque in mentem veniat aut quodcunque occurrat, Cic. V. To thwart: adversor, rĕpugno, rĕnītor, etc.: v. to oppose. Phr.: to c. any one's interests, officere et obstare commodis alicujus, Cic.: to c. any one when he is out of temper, *subirato molestias offerre. B. Intrans.: to pass over: v. foll. art.
CROSS Copy link • CROSS 1. s. The figure: crux (‡ or a St. Anthony’s cross ┬): decussis (in the shape of a St. Andrew’s cross, ☓): diesis (δίεσις, in music, with the ancients, answering to our crotchet, ♩): to divide in the shape of a ☓, decussare: in the shape of a cross, *in crucis formam redactus or factus; in crucis speciem: in decussem or in decusses; decussatim (in the shape of a St. Andrew’s cross ☓). A church built in the shape of a cross, *aedes sacra opere arcuato exstructa (opus arcuatum, Plin., Ep., 10, 47, [46]; Quintilian in a different but similar sense): *aedes in crucis formam exstructa. As object made of some material, crux (the material of which it is made is to be expressed by an adjective; e.g., of gold, aurea): *crux or insigne honoris (cross of honour, after Nep. Thras., 4, 1): to decorate anybody with the cross of honour, *honoris crucem alicui dare. For malefactors, crux: to erect a cross, crucem constituere or figere: at a place, crucem defigere in aliquo loco: to nail anybody to the cross, cruci aliquem affigere or suffigere; in cruce aliquem suffigere: aliquem in crucem agere or tollere (Cic. uses cruce afficere, Verr., 1, 14, 9; but only in connection with morte, cruciatu, cruce afficere): to die on the cross, in crucem agi: to hang upon a cross, pendere in cruce: to take anybody down from the cross, alicujus corpus refigere (Justinus, 9, 7, 11; also detrahere aliquem ex cruce: the death on the cross, crux (from the context would be sufficient): supplicium servile (none but slaves being executed in this way at Rome, Liv., 24, 14): to threaten anybody with the cross, crucem alicui minari or minitari (Cic., Tusc., 1, 43, in.): to punish anybody with the cross, supplicio servili animadvertere in aliquem: the banner of the cross, *vexillum, in quo crucis figura picta est: a soldier of the cross, *miles (if knight, eques) rei Christianae propugnator; *miles (or eques), qui Dei signa sequitur: to preach the cross (i. e., exhort men to undertake a crusade), hortari homines, ut rei Christianae causa arma capiant (after Caes., B.G., 7, 4): ☞ Cross is sometimes used for “the doctrine of Christ crucified;” *doctrina Christi or Christiana: sometimes for the “Christian body politic” (opposed to “the crescent”), res Christiana, etc. By metonymy, The sign of the cross (made with the hand), *crucis figura: to make the sign of the cross, *digito crucis figuram imitari. FIG., adversity or suffering, mala, plur., (evil of any kind): calamitas (misfortune that befalls us): miseria (misery): crux, in this signification, is poetical, and therefore not to be recommended. To take up the cross, or one’s cross, *Christo auctore mala et incommoda non subterfugere: to have many crosses, *multis malis vexari or conflictari: he that carries a cross, or a cross-bearer, *qui crucem fert (PROP.); aerumnosus et calamitosus (IMPROP., for sufferer). On coins, signum: nota (see Liv., 44, 27, 8; Suet., Oct., 75; Aurel. Vict., Caes. 35, 6. Vid: also, COINAGE). 2. adj. Transverse, transversus: transversarius (lying across): [☞ not obliquus, which denotes an oblique direction]. A cross line, linea transversa; versiculus transversus (written across another line): cross lines, lineae in decusses obliquae (thus ×): the cross piece of anything, pars transversa; (if of wood) lignum transversarium: cross furrows, sulcus transversus (☞ Col., 44, extr.; in arando est observandum, ut transversus mons sulcetur .... that on a hill cross furrows should be drawn with the plough): cross wall, *paries transversus. OBS. The words in which “cross” is joined by a hyphen to the folloiving substantive, as CROSS-BOW, are to be looked for in their alphabetical order. Contrary; e.g., cross accident, incommodum: incommodus: adversus: [Vid: UNTOWARD.] Angry, sullen: difficilis: natura difficilis: morosus. (The words are found in this connection and order.) difficilis et morosus (instead of which Gell., 18, 7, init., has, natura intractabilior et morosior): tristis: [SYN. in ILL-TEMPERED.] To make anybody cross, stomachum alicui movere; aliquem irritare or exacerbare: to pretend to be cross, iratum simulare (after Sen., Herc., Oct., 429); with anybody, se simulare alicui iratum or (stronger) alicui inimicum (after Nep., Dion, 8, 2): a cross wife, mulier or uxor saeva, incommoda et importuna (comic writers): a cross humour or character, natura difficilis: morositas: asperitas (the latter, as far as it displays itself against inferiors, Sall., Nep.; Att., 5, init.): to be in a cross humour, male affectum esse: to be cross (habitually), difficilem ac morosum esse: difficili esse natura: to be very cross, difficillima esse natura: to be cross with anybody, alicui irasci, succensere: with or about anything, graviter or moleste ferre aliquid. 3. Vid: ACROSS. 4. TR., to lay crosswise, decussare (in the shape of ×): cancellare (like lattice-work, Col., Plin.): to cross each other (of lines), decussari. Two roads cross each other, *via altera huc fert, altera iltuc: lines that cross each other, lineae in decusses obliquae: to cross one’s legs, poplites alternis genibus imponere (so that one knee rests upon the other, Plin., 28, 6, 17). FIG., To cross the breed (for the purpose of improving it); e.g., viginti milia nobilium equarum ad genus faciendum in Macedoniam missa, twenty thousand full-bred mares were sent into Macedonia for the purpose of crossing the breed. To go across, (per) locum transire, pervadere, penetrare (penetrare = penetrate), per locum iter facere: transgredi: trajicere: transmittere (all three of a mountain or a river): transcendere: superare (by ascending): supervadere (to pass beyond): transmigrare (to cross to any place for the purpose of settling): transvehi: vehi per locum (to cross in a carriage, in a ship): an army that is crossing or in the act of crossing, exercitus transmeans: to cross on foot, pedibus obire (e.g., regionem): percurrere (to cross a country hastily): per locum penetrare (with fatigue and exertion): agere, agitare per locum (at full speed): to cross the forum (= walk across it), transverso foro ambulare: to cross (a letter, etc.) transversa charta scribere: easy to cross, pervius: penetrabilis: apertus; opposed to impervius, impenetrabilis: to let anybody cross (through a country), transitum dare alicui or iter per agros urbesque: aliquem per fines suos ire pati (speaking of an army or a general); dare alicui viam (a single person; e.g., one’s premises or estate, per fundum): to refuse to let anybody cross, aliquem ab transitu prohibere or arcere: he must cross, transeat necesse est: to cross a river on horseback, equum (per flumen) transmittere: to cross a sea, a river, pernavigare: enavigare (e.g., the bay in twelve days and nights, sinum duodecim dierum et noctium remigio, Plin., 9, 3, 2): to cross a river by a bridge, transmittere amnem ponte: to cross by swimming, tranare, or transnare, or transnatare: from the context also transmittere only: to cross (of birds), transvolare (general term); also transmittere (the sea, mare; e.g., of cranes, etc.): to cross the sea to Italy, in Italiam trans mare advolare (of birds of passage); [☞ transmeare fretum belongs to later Latinity.] : to cross back again (over the sea) from Italy, ex Italia trans mare revolare (also of birds of passage): to cross with the rapidity of a bird, transgredi pennis sublime elatum, (Liv. 21, 30: legatos non pennis sublime elatos Alpes transgressos, i. e., the ambassadors had not crossed the Alps by flight, or on the wings of a bird): to prepare or take the necessary measures for crossing, *transitum parare; *transire conari (to venture the passage): to cross the Alps, Alpes transcendere, or transire, or superare: to cross a river, fiumen transire, or transjicere, or transmittere: to make the troops cross a river, copias flumen or trans flumen trajicere. Of inanimate objects, secare or aliquid medium secare (e.g., a field, agrum: of streams, hedges, roads, etc.): fluere per aliquid (of a stream: ☞ not perfluere): a white streak crosses the centre of a jewel, gemma per transversum linea alba media praecingitur (Plin.). To thwart, obsistere: repugnare: obniti: reniti: adversari aliquem, not alicui. (The words are found in this connection and order.) adversari et repugnare: obstare or officere alicui, and alicui rei alicujus (with this difference, that obstare means merely to be in anybody’s way, officere to be opposed to him in a hostile manner; e.g., to cross anybody’s plans, alicujus consiliis obstare or officere, observing, however, the difference of meaning just alluded to): retardare aliquem, in anything, ad aliquid faciendum or ab aliqua re facienda, in aliqua re (to cross anybody hi anything, or in the execution of anything; e.g., in his privileges, in suo jure): to cross anybody’s designs, alicujus consilia pervertere: to see one’s hope crossed, spes ad irritum cadit or redigitur: to cross all anybody’s plans, conturbare alicui omnes rationes: if accidents and engagements had not crossed his projects, nisi aliqui casus aut occupatio ejus consilium premisset: to cross anybody in everything, omnia adversus aliquem facere: to cross one another’s designs, obtrectare inter se (of two rivals): to cross one’s own interest, repugnare utilitati suae. FIG., to cross anybody’s mind; e.g., it crosses or is crossing my mind, or the thought crosses my mind, ad cogitationem deducor: subit cogitatio animum: succurrit mihi res: venit mini in mentem or in opinionem (Vid: Bremi Nep., Milt., 7, 3); adducor in suspicionem (I am led to the supposition; venit mihi in suspicionem is unusual; Vid: Bremi, etc.). To cross out, or over (of a writing); cancellare (PROP., to make in the shape of lattice-work; then to cross over in that shape, thus ×; to cancel, late, Dig.): delere: exstinguere (general terms for blotting out or over): inducere (to oblitterate anything on the wax, or to smear over by using the other end of the stilus): eradere (to erase, scratch out): to cross out a name in a book, nomen tollere ex libro: to cross anybody’s name out in the lists, alicujus nomen eximere de tabulis: to cross out in the lists of senators, eradere aliquem albo senatorio (Tac., Ann., 4, 42, fin.): to cross out a line, versui atrum signum traverso calamo allinere (poetical). To cross one’s self; *digito crucis figuram imitari: *aliquid crucis figuram imitando abominari: *crucis signo amoliri aliquid (if done to avert an evil).