war (subs.) Copy link Outline 1. bellum2. arma, orum (arms)3. mīlĭtia (military service)4. tŭmultus, ūs (a disturbance, w. suddenly breaking out, esp. near Rome) • war (subs.): 1. bellum: discord at home and w. abroad, discordia domi et bellum foris, Liv. 2, 43, init.: an army is levied for two w.s at once, ad duo simul bella exercitus scribitur, id. 2, 43, med. Uses with adj.: foreign w., bellum externum, Liv.: Tac.: civil, intestine w., b. civile, intestinum, domesticum, Cic.: Tac.: Caes.: w. by land, *b. terrestre, pedestre (cf. Cic. Sen. 5, 13): w. by sea, b. navale: Cic.: *b. maritimum (Georg.): offensive w., *b. ultro inferendum (of w. yet to be begun), b. ultro illatum (of w. already begun): w. of extermination, to the knife, b. internecinum, Liv. 9, 25, extr.: Cic. Phil. 14, 3, 7: regular w. (as opposed to guerilla warfare, etc.), justum b., id. Cat. 2, 1, 1: w. with or against any one, is expressed either by preps., cum, in, contra, adversus, according to the verb used, or by an adj., as: w. with the slaves, servile b., Cic.: with the Gauls, Gallicum, Caes.: with pirates, piraticum, Plin.: w. (contest) with the tribunes, b. tribunicium, Liv. 3, 24. The place of the war is expressed by preps.; in (of countries). apud (near, of lakes, towns), circa (round, esp. if a town be beleaguered): thus, b. in Italia, apud Mutinam, Regillam, circa Numantiam gestum. Or an adj. is used: the w. in Illyria, b. Illyricum. W. for one's country, b. pro patria: w. for religion, sacred w., *b. pro religionibus, pro sacris gestum. Common uses with verb: to intend w., bellum meditari, cogitare: to seek occasion of w., *bellum quaerere (Georg.): to prepare w., b. parare, comparare (of the gathering of the forces), Cic.: Liv.: apparare, Nep.: adornare, instruere (of the arrangement and provisioning, etc.), Cic.: to threaten w., b. minari, minitari, denuntiare (this last not to declare, comp. Cic. Off. 1, 11, 36, denunciatum ante et indictum, first threatened and duly declared, with Cic. Phil. 6, 2, 4): to declare w., b. indicere (of a formal declaration that the w. is begun): I and the Roman people do therefore declare and begin w. against the Latins, ob eam rem ego populusque Romanus Latinis b. indico facioque, Liv. 1, 32, fin.: used also fig.: I declare w. against my stomach, ventri indico b., Hor. S. 1, 5, 7: to decree w., decernere (of the senate), jubere (of the people), Liv. 41, 7: to stir up w., b. movere, commovere, concitare, excitare: to begin w.: b. inchoare, incipere, suscipere (to take up): Cic.: Liv.: Tac.: to take part in w., b. capessere: to induce others to take part with himself in a w., ad bellum secum capessendum incitare, Liv. 26, 25: also c. partem b., id. 31, 28: to take in hand w., sumere (rare, and implies some choice or wilful taking: cf. Tac. Hist. 4, 69). roused by this they all chose w., his instincti sumpsere universi bellum, Tac. Agr. 16: to go forth to w., take the field, in b. proficisci, Liv.: Caes.: to wage w., b. gerere (commonest word, both of general and soldiers), facere, agere, Cic.: Liv.: Caes.: to conduct w., administrare (of the general): Cic.: to wage w. against, b. inferre alicui, bello persequi, lacessere (of the aggressor): Cic.: Liv.: to maintain a w., b. sustinere: Cic.: to protract a w., b. trahere, ducere: Cic.: Liv.: Caes.: to end a w., conficere, perficere, Cic.: Caes.: componere (by mutual arrangement): Tac.: Nep.: ponere, deponere (to lay aside): Liv.: Tac.: patrare: Tac.: Sall. (an emphatic word, not thought refined by Quintilian, Inst. 8, 3, 4): to nearly end a w. by a masterly stroke, profligare b.: the w. being virtually ended and well-nigh out of our sight, bello profligato ac paene sublato, Cic. Fam. 12, 30, 2 (cf. Flor. 2, 15, 2, who says of the three Punic wars considered as one struggle, primo tempore commissum est bellum, profligatum secundo, tertio vero confectum). In w., bello, belli tempore: in w. and peace, pace belloque, domi belloque, domi bellique, or, in reverse order, belli domique, etc. 2. arma, orum (arms): in peace rather than in w., pace potius quam armis, Liv. 5, 35, extr.: civil w., civilia arma, Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 3: let w. yield to peace, cedant arma togae, id. Off. 1, 22, 77: and in many phrr. arma may take the place of bellum, esp. in poetry or oratory. 3. mīlĭtia (military service): great knowledge of w., militiae magna scientia, Sall. J. 63: at home and in w., domi militiaeque, Cic.: Liv. 4. tŭmultus, ūs (a disturbance, w. suddenly breaking out, esp. near Rome): beyond the troublous w. of Gaul and Italy, extra tumultum Gallicum Italicumque, Cic. Phil. 5, 19, 53: cf. ib. 8, 1, 2. Phr.: the art of w., res militaris, disciplina militaris, bellica, Cic.: arts, manoeuvres, of w., artes belli, Liv.: man-of-w. (a w.-ship), navis longa: v. ship: to put the army on a w.-footing, *exercitum instruere omnibus rebus ad belli usum necessariis (Kr.): to put the navy on a w.-footing, classem expedire atque instruere, Hirt. B. Al. 25: the w. was ended by a single battle, uno proelio debellatum est, Liv. 2, 26, extr.: a wordy w., rixa, jurgium: v. quarrel.