until (conj.) Copy link Outline 1. dum2. dōnĕc (rare in Cic.3. quŏăd4. quŏădusque5. usque dum6. adeo usque dum; Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 10. The idea of the continuance of action up to the specified limit is enforced by adding to the principal clause usque ad eum finem before dum, cf. Cic. N. D. 2, 51, fin. • until (conj.): 1. dum: with indic. if mere succession in time is indicated: e. g. that bargain remained in force u. the judges were rejected, ea redemptio mansit dum judices rejecti sunt, Cic. Verr. Act. 1, 6, 16: u. I return, dum redeo, Virg. Ecl. 9, 23: with subj. when there is an idea of purpose: e. g. let them put it off to another time, u. their anger has subsided, differant in aliud tempus dum defervescat ira, id. Tusc. 4, 36, 78: Caesar, however, always uses the subj. 2. dōnĕc (rare in Cic.: not in Caes. or Sall.): same construction as dum: Livy, however, and Tacitus occasionally use the subj. when speaking of facts. 3. quŏăd: with ind. or subj. according as it refers to actual fact or not: cf. (with subj.) Caes. B. G. 5, 24: Cic. Fam. 4, 3: (with indic.) u. the citadel was given up, quoad dedita arx est, Liv. 26, 46: usque eo- q., Cic. Deiot. 4, 11. 4. quŏădusque: with indic., Suet. Caes. 14. 5. usque dum: Cic. Verr. 1, 5, 12: Plaut. 6. adeo usque dum; Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 10. The idea of the continuance of action up to the specified limit is enforced by adding to the principal clause usque ad eum finem before dum, cf. Cic. N. D. 2, 51, fin.: usque eo, usque adeo before quoad: Cic.; before donec: Plaut.: u. now, usque adhuc, Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 21: u. what time? quousque? v. HOW LONG. For construction, v. L. G. §§ 496-499.