punish Copy link Outline 1. pūnĭo (arch. poenio, Gell. 6, 14), less freq. pūnĭor, dep. 42. ănĭmadverto, ti, sum, 3 (a judicial term = take cognizance of), foll. by in and acc.3. expr. by poenas or supplicium sumo, poenas căpio (to exact satisfaction); and in pass. poenas do (to give satisfaction, incur a penalty)4. castīgo, 1 (fr. castus; lit. make clean, hence implying discipline)5. vindĭco, 1 (obj. of the offence = take vengeance for, avenge), with in aliquo of the person6. plecto, 3 (lit. smite)7. multo, 1 (fr. multa, a fine, mulct; to p. by a judicial infliction, orig. a fine)8. persĕquor, 3, dep. (follow up bring to justice)9. verbĕro, 1 (of corporal punishment)10. ulciscor, ultus, 3, dep. (to avenge)11. to p. as a warning or example • punish: 1. pūnĭo (arch. poenio, Gell. 6, 14), less freq. pūnĭor, dep. 4: with object of the thing: to p. offences, peccata p., Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 66: obj. of the person: to p. the guilty, p. sontes, id. Off. 1, 24. Also with abl. of the penalty, he p.'d Philemon with death, Philemonem morte puniit, Suet. Caes. 74: self-p.ing, ipse se puniens, Cic. Tusc. 3, 27: but anger in p.ing is to be utterly excluded, prohibenda autem maxime est ira in puniendo, id. Off. 1, 25, 89. The dep. form occurs, ib. 1, 25, 88 (puniri aliquem): and id. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (inimicos puniuntur). 2. ănĭmadverto, ti, sum, 3 (a judicial term = take cognizance of), foll. by in and acc.: cf. qui institueras animadvertere in eos, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 23, 57: Caesar thought there was sufficient reason why he should either himself p. Dumnorix, or order the state to p. him, satis esse causae arbitrabatur quare in eum aut ipse animadverteret, aut civitatem animadvertere juberet Caes. B. G. 1, 19. In pass. with the offence as subject: a thing to be p.'d by the magistrates, res a magistratibus animadvertenda, Cic. Caec. 12: (cf. punishable). Esp. of corporal and capital punishment: (Horatius said) he would have p.'d his son by his right as a father, ni ita esset, patrio jure in filium animadversurum fuisse, Liv. 1, 26: to p. a person unheard, in aliquem a., indicta causa, Cic. Fam. 5, 2: in pass. use impers. form: M. Icelus had been openly p.'d, in M. Icelum palam animadversum, Tac. H. 1, 46: to p. with scourging (before execution), in aliquem verberibus a., Sall. Cat. 50: (cf. execute). 3. expr. by poenas or supplicium sumo, poenas căpio (to exact satisfaction); and in pass. poenas do (to give satisfaction, incur a penalty): supplicium, chiefly of corporal and capital punishment: (Caesar) p.'d Acco after the manner of his ancestors, de Accone more majorum supplicium sumpsit, Caes. B. G. 6, 44: I haven't time to punish you as I would (fr. a master to a slave), non habeo spatium ut de te sumam supplicium, ut volo, Ter. Andr. 3, 5, 17: with abl. of the means: de homine nobili virgis supplicium crudelissime sumere, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 37, 91. Correl., to let a person p. one, be p.'d, supplicium alicui dare de: cf. illi de me supplicium dabo, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 86: v. punishment. 4. castīgo, 1 (fr. castus; lit. make clean, hence implying discipline): (Rhadamanthus) p.'s and hears their frauds, castigatque auditque dolos, Virg. Aen. 6, 567: the oftener the master chides, the seldomer will he p., quo saepius (magister) monuerit, hoc rarius castigabit, Quint. 2, 2, 5: v. to chastise. 5. vindĭco, 1 (obj. of the offence = take vengeance for, avenge), with in aliquo of the person: cf. (Scipio) qui Ti. Gracchi conatus perditos vindicavit, Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109: that fraud had been p.'d even by the laws, iste dolus malus etiam legibus erat vindicatus, ib. 3, 15, 61: whatever you p. in another should be earnestly shunned in yourself, omnia quae vindicaris in altero, sibi ipsi vehementer fugienda sunt, id. Verr. 2, 3, 2, 4: the crime which I had p.'d in others, quod maleficium in aliis vindicassem, id. Sull. 6, 19: with the person only, pass. usu. impers. with in and acc.: if the guilty be not p.'d, nisi vindicatum in noxios, Sall. Jug. 31. 6. plecto, 3 (lit. smite): they pardon themselves and p. their god, quae sibi ignoscunt, et plectunt deum, Aus. Id. 6, praef.: to p. with death, capite aliquem p., Cod. Just. 9, 20, 7. But in the best age, we find only pass.: the people are p.'d for the madness of their kings, quidquid delirant reges, plectuntur Achivi, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 14. With abl. of the manner or means; tergo plecti (to be p.'d by scourging), id. S. 2, 7, 105: in many things we are p.'d through carelessness, multis in rebus negligentia plectimur, Cic. Am. 22, 85: or abl. with in: let the penalty be equal to the crime, so that every one may be p.'d in the sort of his crime, noxiae poena par esto, ut in suo vitio quisque plectatur, id. Leg. 3, 20, 46. With gen. of the offence (late): to be p.'d for false pretence, insimulationis falsae plecti, Apul. Apol. 274. 7. multo, 1 (fr. multa, a fine, mulct; to p. by a judicial infliction, orig. a fine): with abl. of the means or manner: cf. accusatorem multa et poena multavit, Cic. Bal. 18: with acc. of the offence, cf. vitia autem hominum atque fraudes damnis, ignominiis, vinculis, verberibus, exsiliis, morte multantur., Cic. de Or. 1, 43, 194: to p. an imperator by deposition from his province, m. imperatorem deminutione provinciae, id. Prov. Cons. 15. (N.B.--Mulco, 1: perhaps only another form of multo, is used of severe corporal chastisement: cf. verberibus m., Tac. Ann. 1, 32 but nearly always answers to beat rather than p. [unless the pugilistic sense be admitted]: cf. mulcato corpore, ib. 1, 70.) 8. persĕquor, 3, dep. (follow up bring to justice): obj. of thing p.'d: to p. crimes, maleficia p., Sall. Cat. 52, init. Also, exsequor, 3: cf. delicta ex., Suet. Caes. 67. And in same sense frequent. sector, 1, dep.: don't p. with the terrible scourge one who deserves the switch, ne scutica dignum horribili sectere flagello, Hor. Sat. 1, 4, 119, also, later 9. verbĕro, 1 (of corporal punishment): v. flog, scourge. Also, verberibus caedere, fĕrŭlā caedere, I don't fear your p.ing with the rod one who deserves to undergo severer stripes, nam ut ferula caedas meritum majora subire Verbera, non vereor, Hor. Sat. 1, 4, 120-1. 10. ulciscor, ultus, 3, dep. (to avenge): injurias rei publicae, Cic. Phil. 6, 1, 2: istius nefarium scelus, id. Verr. 2, 1, 27, 68: v. to avenge. Join: istius injurias ulcisci et persequi, id. ib. 2, 3, 9. 11. to p. as a warning or example: exemplum (or a) in aliquem statuere, edere, or facere: v. example, warning. Phr.: to be p.'d as an example (be made an example of), exempla fieri: who, d'ye say, is to be p.'d? quid aïs, in quem exempla fient? Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 26. (Comp. also the words signifying various modes of punishment.)