at Copy link Outline I. Of place (for proper names, v. 5)1. ăd (with acc.)2. ăpŭd (i. e. strictly near; q. v.3. ăb (= on the side of, by4. in (with abl.5. the locative of proper names and of domus (domi)II. Of time1. By the abl. (the most usu. and exact mode of expression)2. ăd (esp. of that which arrives at the time)3. ăb (strictly all along from)4. cum (with abl.5. in (only in certain phr.)III. Of cost or priceIV. When "at" is used after an intransitive verb as its complement, by which it is made transitive, it is not expressed • at: I. Of place (for proper names, v. 5): 1. ăd (with acc.): to be at market, ad forum esse, Pl.: at the end, ad extremum, Liv.: the alarm at (before) Veii assumed various forms, ad Veios terror multiplex erat, Liv.: the battle at the Trebia, pugna ad Trebiam, Liv. 2. ăpŭd (i. e. strictly near; q. v.: with acc.): we stayed one day at Alyzia, nos a. Alyziam unum diem commorati sumus, Cic.: he is at your house, a. te est, Cic. 3. ăb (= on the side of, by: with abl.): the camp was not fortified at the main entrance, castra ab decumana porta munita non erant, Caes.: of a letter, (written) at Appii Forum, ab Appii Foro, Cic. (= dispatched from). 4. in (with abl.: usu. with names of towns, and in the best writers only with those of such places as had harbours): there is a ship in readiness for us at Caieta, navis in Caieta est parata nobis, Cic.: he had ships made at Hispalis, naves in Hispali faciendas curavit, Caes.: also to designate the house at which anything is done: I am at my Formian villa, in Formiano sum, Cic.: I shall see you at my villa at Arpinum, te in Arpinati videbimus, Cic. 5. the locative of proper names and of domus (domi): (N.B. The rule as usu., and for practical purposes correctly, stated, is, that sing. nouns of the first and second decl. are put in the genitive, all others in the ablative, v. L. G. § 257): the philosophers who were at Athens, philosophi qui Athenis fuerunt, Cic.: this lenity is popular at Rome, haec lenitas grata Romae est, Cic.: to sit at home, domi sedere, Cic.: I said the same at my own house, haec eadem locutus sum domi meae, Cic.--Note. Such expr. as ad, apud, Cannas, in the neighbourhood of Cannae, must be carefully distinguished from the simple locative Cannis, at Cannae. Similarly, ad urbem esse is the technical phr. to denote waiting at the gates of the city (for a triumph). Concerning the constr. of a subs. like urbs, oppidum, etc. along with a proper name, v. L. G. § 257, Obs., § 259, Obs. II. Of time: 1. By the abl. (the most usu. and exact mode of expression): at daybreak he sent the cavalry in advance, prima luce equitatum praemisit, Caes.: at the same time, eodem tempore, Caes.: there are flowers at every period of the year, sunt flores omni tempore anni, Cic. 2. ăd (esp. of that which arrives at the time): at the appointed hour, ad horam destinatam, Cic.: at the time, ad tempus, Cic.: at last, ad postremum, Pl.; ad extremum, Caes.: at present, ad praesens, Tac. 3. ăb (strictly all along from): at the beginning of this defence, ab initio hujus defensionis, Cic. 4. cum (with abl.: denoting a point of time with which some action coincides): he is said to have come home at daybreak, cum prima luce domum venisse dicitur, Cic.: Crassus went out at the same time as the messenger, exiit cum nuntio Crassus, Caes. 5. in (only in certain phr.): at the right time, in tempore, Ter.: at present, in praesentia, Caes.: Cic.; in praesenti, Cic. III. Of cost or price: when this is denoted by a subst., or by a subst. and adjective, these words are in the abl.: to farm the taxes at a small price, vectigalia parvo pretio redimere, Caes.: but when, as is usu. the case, the subst. is omitted, the adj. may often be in either the abl. or the genitive: vili, however, is always in the abl., and the following words always in the gen.: majoris (very rare), maximi, minoris, pluris, tanti, quanti (v. L. G. § 281). IV. When "at" is used after an intransitive verb as its complement, by which it is made transitive, it is not expressed: e. g. to aim at anyone, aliquem petere, Virg.: I laugh at your jokes, tua joca rideo, Cic.: v. to aim, laugh, etc. For at all, at once, etc., v. all, once, etc.