instead of Copy link Outline I. Before a subs.1. pro (with abl.2. lŏco abl. of locus = in the room of implying that one thing represents and counts for another, rather than is substituted for it3. vĭce (with gen.II. Before a verbal clause, in Eng. expr. by the gerund1. expr. by quum possit (posset, where past time is denoted), foll. by inf. (implying that the alternative excluded might more naturally be expected)2. expr. in same manner by dēbeo (implying that a person has done something else instead of his duty)3. expr. by tantum abest ut ... ut (implying that the excluded alternative is very far from being the fact)4. măgis ... quam • instead of: I. Before a subs.: 1. pro (with abl.: also, on behalf of): to be put to death i. of any one, pro aliquo necari, Cic. Am. 7, 24: when another word is used i. of the proper one, in quibus pro verbo proprio subjicitur aliquid., Cic. Or. 27, 92: Ter. Hor. 2. lŏco abl. of locus = in the room of implying that one thing represents and counts for another, rather than is substituted for it: cf. Ter. Andr. 1, 5, 57, si te in germani fratris dilexi loco, i. e. in the room of): v. room. 3. vĭce (with gen.: late): bitumen being used i. of mortar, arenae vice bitumine interstrato, Just. 1, 2: Plin. II. Before a verbal clause, in Eng. expr. by the gerund: 1. expr. by quum possit (posset, where past time is denoted), foll. by inf. (implying that the alternative excluded might more naturally be expected): i. of being led to execution, he was loaded with praise, quum posset ad mortem duci, omni laude cumulatus est (R. and A.) i. of enriching himself, he remained poor, fuit perpetuo pauper, quum ditissimus esse posset, Nep. Phoc. 1. 2. expr. in same manner by dēbeo (implying that a person has done something else instead of his duty): i. of thanking me (as he ought), he abused me, quum gratias mihi agere deberet, mihi maledicebat (Kr.). 3. expr. by tantum abest ut ... ut (implying that the excluded alternative is very far from being the fact): i. of being praised, ... philosophy is by most neglected and censured, philosophia tantum abest ut ... laudetur, ut a plerisque neglecta vituperetur, Cic. Tusc. 5, 2, 6. So, adeo non ... ut: cf. Liv. 3, 2, med., haec dicta adeo non moverunt quenquam, ut legati prope violati sint, i. e. instead of the audience being influenced, they, etc. 4. măgis ... quam: to exasperate, i. of intimidating, incendere magis quam terrere (Georg.).