for (prep.) Copy link Outline I. In place of, in behalf ofII. In proportion to, consideration of1. pro2. expr. by utIII. Because of1. (after negative expressions) prae (with abl.)2. propter (with acc.)3. ob (with acc.)4. de (with abl.IV. To the advantage ofV. With a view to; with a certain result1. in (with acc.)2. ad (with acc.)3. expr. by dat. (of Purpose or Result, L. G. § 297)VI. Of time, during a certain period1. expr. by acc. (L. G. § 249)2. per (insisting on protraction of time)3. inter (with acc.VII. Also of time; to denote the appointment of a definite timeVIII. Of price or exchange1. expr. by abl.2. (when the sum paid is indefinite) expr. by such genitives as tanti, quanti, tantidem, pluris, minoris; or the ablatives magno [not multo], permagno, plurimo, nihilo • for (prep.): I. In place of, in behalf of: pro (with abl.): they use oblong pieces of iron f. money, utuntur ferreis taleis pro nummo, Caes. B. G. 5, 12: I will go f. you, if you don't like to do so, ego pro te ibo si tibi non libet, Pl.: he was left f. dead, pro occiso relictus est, Cic. Sext. 38, 81: to fight f. the laws, f. freedom, f. country, dimicare pro legibus, pro libertate, pro patria, Cic.: to pay f. freight, pro vectura solvere, Cic. Att. 1, 3: he confesses that he is under great obligation to Caesar f. his kindness, confitetur sese pro Caesaris beneficiis plurimum debere, Caes. B. G. 5, 27. See also instead of. II. In proportion to, consideration of: 1. pro: f. their population, they deemed their territories too limited, pro multitudine hominum angustos se fines habere arbitrabantur, Caes. B. G. 1, 2: a battle very sanguinary for the number of combatants, proelium atrocius quam pro numero pugnantium, Liv. 21, 29, init. 2. expr. by ut: he had considerable acquaintance with literature f. a Roman, multae [in eo erant], ut in homine Romano literae, Cic. Sen. 4, 12: an important and flourishing state, f. a German one, civitas ampla atque florens, ut est captus Germanorum, Caes. B. G. 4, 3. (But Tac. has ut inter, with a totally different meaning, Agr. 11, init.) III. Because of: 1. (after negative expressions) prae (with abl.): I know not where I am f. joy, prae gaudio nescio ubi sim, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 67: you will not see the sun f. the multitude of missiles, solem prae jaculorum multitudine non videbitis, Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 101. 2. propter (with acc.): f. that very cause, propter eam ipsam causam, Cic.: v. account of (on). 3. ob (with acc.): f. this reason, ob eam causam, Cic.: to take money f. giving a verdict, ob rem judicandam pecuniam accipere, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, init.: to encounter death f. the good of the state, mortem ob rempublicam obire, Tac. Ann. 2, 83. 4. de (with abl.: esp. with causa): to do any thing f. an important reason, aliquid gravi de causa facere, Cic. Att. 7, 7, 3: f. these reasons, his de causis, Caes.: to weep f. the death of a son, de filii morte flere, Cic. Verr. 2., 2, 30, 76. IV. To the advantage of: expr. by dat. (L. G. § 288): he (Pisistratus) conquered Megara not f. his country, but f. himself, sibi non patriae Megarenses vicit, Just.: to fear f. any one, timere alicui, Cic. V. With a view to; with a certain result: 1. in (with acc.): to live f. the day (only), in diem vivere, Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 33: she had come f. the funeral (i. e., to attend it), venerat in funus, Cic. Att. 15, 1, med.: each wished to be the one whom Fortune might select f. the contest, se quisque eum optabat quem Fortuna in id certamen legeret, Liv. 21, 42: to change f. the worse, in deterius mutare, Tac. Ann. 14, 43. 2. ad (with acc.): ships ready f. sailing, naves paratae ad navigandum, Caes.: a man useful f. nothing, homo ad nullam rem utilis, Cic.: money is voted f. the games, pecuniae ad ludos decernuntur, Cic.: man was made f. intelligence and action, homo ad intelligendum et ad agendum natus est, Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 40: the chamaeleon plant is good f. (curing) difficulty of urine, facit ad difficultatem urinae chamaeleon, Plin. (but here the dat. might have been used: cf. Plin. 22, 18, 21, etc.): he had Licinus f. his amanuensis, Licinum servum sibi habuit ad manum, Cic. 3. expr. by dat. (of Purpose or Result, L. G. § 297): to serve f. a lesson to the rest, ut sint reliquis documento, Caes.: f. whose advantage, cui bono? Cic. R. Am. 30, 84. VI. Of time, during a certain period: 1. expr. by acc. (L. G. § 249): the matrons mourned him f. a year, matronae annum eum luxerunt, Liv.: Cic. (N.B.--This is the usual constr. when the subs. has an attributive, unless protraction of time is to be specially insisted on.) 2. per (insisting on protraction of time): f. three years, not a case was adjudged save at his pleasure, nulla res per triennium nisi ad nutum istius judicata est, Cic.: f. ten (whole) days, games were celebrated, ludi decem per dies facti sunt, Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20: v. throughout. 3. inter (with acc.: in the course of, from time to time): all the iniquities which have been perpetrated f. a period of ten years, omnia quae inter decem annos nefarie facta sunt, Cic. Verr. Act. 1, 13, 37: Pl. Phr.: f. a little while, paullisper, Cic.: f. a long while, diu (v. long, adv.): f. the present, in praesens tempus, Cic.; or simply in praesens, Hor.: Tac. (v. present): f. the future, in posterum, in reliquum (v. future). VII. Also of time; to denote the appointment of a definite time: in (with acc.): you had arranged the massacre f. the 28th of October, in a. d. V. Kal. Novembres caedem te contulisse, Cic. Cat. 1, 3, 7: he invited the man to dinner f. the following day, ad coenam hominem invitavit in posterum diem, Cic. Also when a period of time is agreed upon: they obtained a truce f. thirty years, indutias in triginta annos impetraverunt, Liv. 9, 37, extr.: to prolong power f. a year, in annum imperium prorogare, Liv. VIII. Of price or exchange: 1. expr. by abl.: (L. G. § 316): to buy a pint of water f. a mina, aquae sextarium minâ emere, Cic.: Liv.: he changes round f. square (or conversely), mutat quadrata rotundis, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 100: cf. Od. 1, 17, 2. (N.B.--With mutare, in sense of to exchange, the price given is regularly put in abl.; but Hor. puts either of the objects of exchange in the abl. without difference of meaning.) 2. (when the sum paid is indefinite) expr. by such genitives as tanti, quanti, tantidem, pluris, minoris; or the ablatives magno [not multo], permagno, plurimo, nihilo: v. L. G. § 316, Obs. 2. F. nothing., grātīs, gratuito, Cic. (v. gratuitously). Miscell. phr.: to be f., i. e., in favour of a party, stŭdeo, făveo (both with dat.): v. to favour: see if this does not altogether make f. me, vide ni hoc sit totum a me, Cic. (v. Dr. Smith's Lat. Dict. s. v. ab, C., IV.) I f. my part think, equidem censeo, Cic. (v. indeed): f. all you may enumerate so many, quamvis multos enumeres licet, Cic. (v. although): f. all I know, quod sciam, Cic. N.B.--For in English often represents the acc. and inf. in Latin: it is by no means seemly f. an orator to get angry, oratorem irasci minime decet, Cic. (v. L. G. § 510): it also sometimes denotes the relation of an objective gen. to its governing subs.: resentment f. an injury, dolor injuriae, Liv.: grief f. the loss of a wife, dolor conjugis amissae, Ov. (v. L. G. § 268): also sometimes the prep. belongs to a verb immediately preceding it; as to hope for, to wait for; where see to hope, wait, etc.