• UNTIL

1. conj., dum: donec (in this sense very rare in Cic.; not found in Caes., Freund): quoad (with reference to the mood, the subjunctive is used when there is any closer connection between the principal and accessory clauses than that of defining the time; i. e., when the event up to which anything lasted, or before which it did not occur, or did not cease, was an object aimed at, desired, conceived possible, or pointed out generally as an indefinite future event. Hand says the subjunctive is used when the force might be given by “no longer than till,” non diutius quam, or “not before,” non prius quam. The subjunctive is most commonly used in present, imperfect, or pluperfect; the indicative in the perfect or future perfect; ☞ Pract. Intr., ii., 641-645, 656, 657, 667. The continuance is more strongly marked out by adding usque eo, or eo usque, in the principal clause; sometimes usque ad eum finem [dum, Cic.]).

2. preposition, (of time): until the present moment, adhuc: usque ad hunc diem (until this day): until to-morrow, in crastinum: until late at night, ad multam noctem: until daylight, ad lucem: until the evening, ad vesperum.