incitare: instigare: irritare. Incitare, from ciere, “to urge an inactive person by merely bidding, speaking to, and calling upon him, to an action, generally of a laudable kind, synonymously with hortari; instigare, to “spur on” a reluctant person, by vehement exhortations, promises, threatenings, to an adventurous act, synonymously with stimulare; irritare, to “egg on” a quiet person, by rousing his passions, ambition, revenge, to a violent action, synonymously with exacerbare, Döderlein: incitare is however used of “exciting” anybody against another, in aliquem, Liv.; contra aliquem, Cic. to incite anybody to anything, incitare aliquem ad aliquid (e.g., ad arma, bellum: voluntatem, etc.), or ad aliquid faciendum (e.g., ad servandum genus hominum); by anything, aliqua re; also, incitare aliquid. Vid: To EXCITE.