• GALL

1. s. fel (according to Isidor., 11, 1, § 128, PROP. the gall-bladder, or the gall-bladder with the gall; hence it is never used in figurative language for “anger,” but as a figure for bitterness, bitter hatred, and that only in poets; e.g., the heart is full of gall, cor felle litum est, Plaut., True., 1, 2, 76): bilis (the gall, so far as it is found out of the gall-bladder in the guts and stomach, and which, when too abundant, produces disease; Vid: Cic., Tusc., 4, 10, 23; hence it is used, also, in figurative expressions, e.g., bilem alicui movere, commovere): stomachus (PROP., the stomach, and then, since the gall overflows into the stomach in anger and other violent emotions = the seat of sensibility and anger; hence, figuratively = these affections; e.g., stomachum alicui movere, commovere; exarsit aliquis iracundia ac stomacho). Full of gall, biliosus (☞ in later writers, fellosus). More bitter than gall, *felle amarior.

2.

• v. Chafe, excoriate, atterere (e.g., femina equitatu): terere († colla labore, Propertius).
• IMPROPR., To sting (the mind), etc., mordere (to bite; of the actions, letters, etc., of another person): pungere (to sting): calefacere (to make a person warm, to gall him; of an orator exciting anybody by his reproaches, etc., Cic., in conversational language). Galling (of words or language), mordax († e.g., carmen, Hor.; verum (Persius); aculeatus (stinging); acerbus (bitter). A galling letter, litterae aculeatae: galling jests, asperiores facetiae: galling wit, acerbitas salis: galling words, verborum aculei.
• To inflict loss, etc., on troops (military technical term), male habere (e.g., agmen adversariorum, Caes.): vexare (to distress).