vĭŏlo Copy link Outline I. Lit. with persons as objectsII. Transf.A. With places as objects, to invade, ...B. With the senses as objects, to outrage ...C. With abstract objects, to violate, ...III. Trop. • vĭŏlo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [vis], to treat with violence (corporeally, and, more freq., mentally), to injure, dishonor, outrage, violate (cf.: laedo, polluo, contamino). I. Lit. with persons as objects: hospites violare fas non putant, to injure, do violence to, Caes. B. G. 6, 23 fin.: aliquem, id. B. C. 3, 98: patriam prodere, parentes violare, Cic. Fin. 3, 9, 32.—Esp.: virginem, Auct. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 80 Müll.; Tib. 1, 6, 51; cf. Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 1 fin.: sacrum vulnere corpus, Verg. A. 11, 591; cf.: Getico peream violatus ab arcu, Ov. P. 3, 5, 45.— II. Transf. A. With places as objects, to invade, violate, profane: fines eorum se violaturum negavit, Caes. B. G. 6, 32: loca religiosa et lucos, Cic. Rab. Perd. 2, 7: Iliacos agros ferro, Verg. A. 11, 255: Cereale nemus securi, Ov. M. 8, 741: silva vetus nullāque diu violata securi, id. F. 4, 649.— B. With the senses as objects, to outrage, shock: oculos nostros (tua epistola), Ov. H. 17, 1; cf.: aures meas obsceno sermone, Petr. 85.— C. With abstract objects, to violate, outrage, break, injure, etc.: officium, Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 109: jus, id. Leg. 2, 9, 22: religionem, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 186: virginitatem alicujus, id. N. D. 3, 23, 59: vitam patris, id. Par. 3, 25: inducias per scelus, to break, Caes. B. C. 2, 15: foedera, Liv. 28, 44, 7; Tib. 1, 9, 2: amicitiam, Cic. Phil. 2, 1, 3: existimationem absentis, id. Quint. 23, 73; cf.: nominis nostri famam tuis probris, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 32, § 82: dignitatem alicujus in aliquā re, id. Fam. 1, 6, 2; cf.: injuriae sunt, quae aut pulsatione corpus aut convicio aures aut aliquā turpitudine vitam cujuspiam violant, Auct. Her. 4, 25, 35.— III. Trop. (rare and poet.): Indum sanguineo ostro ebur, i. e. to dye of a blood-red, Verg. A. 12, 67 (an imitation of the Homeric ἐλέφαντα φοίνικι μιήνη, Il. 4, 141).