there-fore Copy link Outline 1. ergo (usu. but not always, placed first2. ĭgĭtur (weaker than preced.3. ĭtăque (and so4. iccirco, idcirco (for that reason5. ĭdeo (syn. of preced.6. proptĕrea (for that cause, constr. with quod, quia, ut)7. eo (for that motive or reason)8. proinde, proin (usu. in advice or encouragement, or in animated discourse, esp. towards the close of a speech)9. expr. by neut. acc. of a pron. (with reference to this)10. expr. by ob hoc, ob id, quamobrem, or by a clause • there-fore: 1. ergo (usu. but not always, placed first: it may be employed in argumentative questions and resumptions): t. also promises are sometimes not to be kept, e. et promissa non facienda nonnunquam, Cic. Off. 3, 25, 95: let it be fixed t. that what is dishonourable is never useful, maneat e. quod turpe sit id nunquam utile esse, id. ib. 3, 12, 49: the foll. pleon. expr. are found: itaque e., Liv.; e. igitur, Pl.; e. propterea, Ter. 2. ĭgĭtur (weaker than preced.: not usu. first: if so placed, as often in Sall., it is emph.): t. the highest and most perfect glory consists of these three things, summa i. et perfecta gloria constat ex tribus his, Cic. Off. 2, 9, 31: t. at home and abroad morality was cultivated, i. domi militiaeque boni mores colebantur, Sall. C. 9: do you see t. ...? videsne i. ...? Cic. Tusc. 2, 5, 14. [N.B. video is seldom joined to ergo: also avoid et igitur, igiturque.] 3. ĭtăque (and so: in Cic. and Caes. it takes the first place: in Liv. and later writers often after one or two words): t. such a man will not venture to do nor even to think anything which he dares not utter, i. talis vir non modo facere sed ne cogitare quidem quidquam audebit quod non audeat praedicare, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77. 4. iccirco, idcirco (for that reason: the clause stating the cause or reason is introduced by quod, quia, quoniam or si, with indic. in direct, subj. in indirect clauses: if the foll. clause denotes a purpose, the subj. is always used: it may also be used abs.): because nature cannot be changed, t. true friendships are eternal, quia natura mutari non potest i. verae amicitiae sempiternae sunt, Cic. Am. 9. 32: did none of the former (rulers) t. touch it that he himself might carry it off? i. nemo superiorum attigit ut ipse tolleret? id. Verr. 4, 4, 7: shall I t. write with the greatest licence? i.ne scribam licenter? Hor. A. P. 265. The combination neque i. minus, occurs in Cic. Tusc. 2, 3, 8. 5. ĭdeo (syn. of preced.: constr. exactly like it): because I have had the letter many days in hand t. many additions have been made at odd times, quod multos dies epistolam in manibus habui i. multa conjecta sunt aliud alio tempore, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 7, § 23: he thought it necessary that Pompey should be informed and t. went to him, necessarium existimavit fieri certiorem Pompeium, atque i. ad Pompeium contendit, Caes. B. C. 3, 11 (et ideo, ideoque also occur). 6. proptĕrea (for that cause, constr. with quod, quia, ut): I t. said these things about myself that Tubero might pardon me, haec p. de me dixi ut mihi Tubero ignosceret, Cic. Lig. 3, 8 (usu. in close connection with quod or quia, in the sense of "because that"). 7. eo (for that motive or reason): t. I will be briefer, e. ero brevior, Cic. Fam. 6, 20, 1: similarly isto, Pl. Rud. 4, 7, 8. 8. proinde, proin (usu. in advice or encouragement, or in animated discourse, esp. towards the close of a speech): (he said) that he came down to check the turbulent; t. it will be better for them to be quiet, se descendisse ut turbantes coerceret; p. quiesse erit melius, Liv. 3, 48: id. 30, 4: Cic.: Caes. 9. expr. by neut. acc. of a pron. (with reference to this): so, id: I rejoice t., id ego gaudeo quod ..., Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 9: quod: I fear lest the disease grow worse, t. I pray thee, O Health, that nothing of the kind may happen, metuo ne morbus aggravescat: quod te, Salus, ne quid sit hujus oro, Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 2. 10. expr. by ob hoc, ob id, quamobrem, or by a clause: as, quae quum ita sint (R. and A.): v. wherefore.