spread Copy link Outline A. Trans.I. To extend in length and breadth over a larger area1. extendo, di, sum and tum, 32. pando, di, nsum and ssum, 3 (s. out wide or loose)3. explĭco, āvi and ui, ātum and ĭtum, 1 (by unfolding)4. diffundo, fūdi, sum, 3 (in the manner of a stream, equably and freely)II. To unfoldIII. To cover, furnishIV. To s. abroad, propagateV. To publish1. diffĕro, distŭli, dīlātum, 3, irr. (to set a story abroad2. effĕro, 3, irr. (to make a secret thing known)3. dīvulgo, 14. sĕro, sēvi, sătum, 3 (to disseminate)5. in pass. sense may be usedB. Intrans.I. To become extended1. expr. by pass. refl. of verbs under (A.)2. pătesco, ui, 3 (to open out wide, as a plain)3. serpo, psi, ptum, 3 (as a creeping plant, or a sore or cancer)4. ēvăgor, 1 (wander and range abroad)II. In fig. sense, to become widely prevalent1. incrēbresco, brui (-besco, -bui), 3 = to become frequent, gain ground2. so percrēbresco, 3 (stronger than preced.3. māno, 14. serpo, psi, ptum, 3 (to s. gradually and insidiously)5. ēvăgor, 1 (of a disease)6. to s. through, take possession of, occŭpo, 1 (of fear, belief, etc., filling people's minds) • spread: A. Trans.: I. To extend in length and breadth over a larger area: 1. extendo, di, sum and tum, 3: to s. out (parchment) with a mallet, (chartam) malleo ex., Plin. 13, 12, 26: to s. out the wings (of an army), cornua ex., Curt.: v. to stretch out. 2. pando, di, nsum and ssum, 3 (s. out wide or loose): to s. out the (open) hands (in prayer), palmas p., Lucr. 5, 1200: to s. out figs or grapes (to dry), ficus, uvas in sole p., Col. Strengthened: (1.) expando, 3: Plin.: Col. (2.) dispando, 3 (rare): clothes s. in the sun, dispansae vestes in sole, Lucr.: Pl. 3. explĭco, āvi and ui, ātum and ĭtum, 1 (by unfolding): to s. out raiment (so as to expose it to view), vestem ex., Cic. de Or. 1, 35, 161: it (the vine) s.s out its leaves, frondes ex., Virg. G. 2, 335: v. to unfold. 4. diffundo, fūdi, sum, 3 (in the manner of a stream, equably and freely): the sky beams with light s. abroad, nitet diffuso lumine coelum, Lucr. 1, 9: Cic.: cf. infr. (B.). II. To unfold: esp. in phrr. to s. sail, s. a net: pando, 3: to s. the sails of argument, vela orationis p., Cic. Tusc. 4, 5, 9: to s. nets, retia p., Plin. (But the common prose phrr. are, vela dare and facere: retia tendere or ponere: v. sail, net.) To s. one's tent, tentorium tendere, Caes. B. C. 3, 82. Also absol., tendere: v. to pitch (A.), and tent. III. To cover, furnish: Phr.: to s. a banquet before any one, convivium alicui apparare, explicare, Mart. 1, 99 (100): cibos alicui apponere, in mensam, Pl. Men. 1, 3, 29: v. to prepare. IV. To s. abroad, propagate: vulgo, 1: to s. (be the means of s.ing) complaints, morbos v., Liv. 3, 6: Curt. V. To publish: 1. diffĕro, distŭli, dīlātum, 3, irr. (to set a story abroad: usu. with ref. to something false): more fully, sermonibus d. (to s. abroad by talk), Liv. 34, 49 (with direct obj.): also foll. by clause: to s. the report about any one that ..., alicui famam d. ... (foll. by acc. and inf.), Pl. Trin. 3, 2, 63: Ter.: also with clause introd. by tanquam, quasi: Tac. 2. effĕro, 3, irr. (to make a secret thing known): v. to publish. 3. dīvulgo, 1: more fully, sermonibus d., Cic.: v. to publish. Also in same sense, vulgo, 1: to s. abroad the tidings of a crime, facinus v. per omnes, Liv. 28, 27: and strengthened, pervulgo, 1: Cic. (Evulgare, like efferre, of making a secret known: Liv.: Tac.) 4. sĕro, sēvi, sătum, 3 (to disseminate): to s. abroad charges against the senate among the lower orders, crimina in senatum apud infimae plebis homines s., Liv. 24, 23, fin.: to s. rumours, rumores s., Virg. 5. in pass. sense may be used: exeo, ēmāno, percrēbresco, etc.: v. infr. (B.), and to get abroad. Phr.: to s. abroad mysterious hints, spargere voces in vulgum ambiguas, Virg. Aen. 2, 99. B. Intrans.: I. To become extended: 1. expr. by pass. refl. of verbs under (A.): esp. (1.) diffundor, 3: the branches (antlers) s. out very wide [as in the case of the palm, palma], rami quam late diffunduntur, Caes. B. G. 6, 26: so, Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 6, ramis diffundi (of the tree): the nutriment s.s through the trunks and boughs, cibus per truncos ac per ramos d., Lucr. 1, 354. (Cf. Val. Max. 1, 6, 3, where diffundere aquam per agros = to allow it to s. abroad over the land.) Join: diffundi et patescere, Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 3. (2.) extendor, 3: the fire s.s through the plains, ignis per campos ex., Virg. Aen. 10, 407: so of a plain itself, Ov. M. 1, 43. (3.) porrĭgor, 3 (with a longitudinal direction): (the ground s.s out into a plain, in planitiem p., Tac. A. 13, 38. (N.B.--The above may also be used act. with acc. of pron. refl.) 2. pătesco, ui, 3 (to open out wide, as a plain): Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 3: Tac. 3. serpo, psi, ptum, 3 (as a creeping plant, or a sore or cancer): the vine s.ing with intricate and erratic course, vitis serpens multiplici lapsu et erratico, Cic. Sen. 15, 52: cancer s.s, cancer s., Ov. M. 2, 826: Cels. 4. ēvăgor, 1 (wander and range abroad): Plin. 19, 8, 48 (of a plant running wild, e. per agros). II. In fig. sense, to become widely prevalent: 1. incrēbresco, brui (-besco, -bui), 3 = to become frequent, gain ground: immorality is s.ing daily, mores deteriores in dies i., Pl. Merc. 5, 1, 9: licence was s.ing, increbrescebat licentia, Tac. A. 3, 60: Cic. (= to become prevalent). 2. so percrēbresco, 3 (stronger than preced.: to become very generally prevalent): when this report has s. abroad, quum haec fama percrebruerit, Cic. Verr. 4, 30, 68: Caes. 3. māno, 1: the evil has s. through Italy, malum per Italiam manavit, Cic. Cat. 4, 3, 6: the rumour s.s through the whole city, m. tota urbe rumor, Liv. So ēmāno, 1 (to get abroad, become known): to circulate and s. amongst the people, exire atque in vulgus e., Cic. R. Am. 1, 3: the evil s. more widely, malum latius emanabat, Flor. 4, 9, 5. (Cic. would have said manabat.) 4. serpo, psi, ptum, 3 (to s. gradually and insidiously): contagion s.s, s. contagia, Virg. G. 3, 469: the rumour s.s, s. rumor, Cic. Mur. 21, fin.: esp. of evils: cf. id. Ph. 4, 3, fin., malum obscure repens multas provincias occupavit. 5. ēvăgor, 1 (of a disease): Liv. 3, 7, fin. (late evagata est vis morbi). 6. to s. through, take possession of, occŭpo, 1 (of fear, belief, etc., filling people's minds): such a panic s. through all the army, tantus timor omnem exercitum occupavit, Caes. B. G. 1, 39: such a superstitious feeling has s. through the minds of the Sicilians, tanta superstitio mentes omnium Siculorum occupavit, Cic. Verr. 4, 51, 113: Christianity s. through the whole R. empire, Christi fides totum imperium R. occupavit: cf. supr. 4 (last ex.).
SPREAD Copy link • SPREAD 1. v. Transitively, tendere: contendere (to spread out): distendere (to stretch apart or asunder): extendere (to stretch out, extend): pandere: dispandere (to open, spread out): explicare (to unfold). To spread nets, plagas tendere (Cic., Off., 3, 17, 68); retia tendere (for an animal, alicui; also figuratively). To spread the sails, vela dare ventis; vela tendere or pandere (poetical). Intransitively, diffundi (of trees and their branches): luxuriari (to grow luxuriantly; of plants). To spread far, late diffundi (of branches); vastis or patulis diffundi ramis (of trees); manare, serpere (of a calamity, a rumor; the latter also with the notion of gradual, unobserved progress); increbrescere, invalescere (as customs, etc.); diffundi, evagari (of diseases): luxury spreads, luxus excrescit or pullulare coepit: to spread further, longius serpere atque progredi (of an evil): to spread further every day, serpere manareque in dies latius: a rumor spreads through the whole town, rumor tota urbe manat or discurrit: the doctrine of Pythagoras spread far and wide, doctrina Pythagoras longe lateque fluebat. 2. s. By circumlocution with the verb.