• căvĕo,
cāvi, cautum, (2
d pers. sing. scanned cavĕs,
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 19;
imper. cavĕ,
Plaut. As. 2, 4, 61;
id. Capt. 2, 3, 71;
id. Most. 1, 4, 13 et
saep.:
Cat. 50, 19;
Hor. S. 2, 3, 38;
Prop. 1, 7, 25; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 435; old
sup. CAVĭTVM, C. I. L. 1, 200, 6
sq.),
3,
v. n. and a. [root SKOF- or KOF-, to be wary; whence
Gr. θυοσκόος, ἀκούω,
etc.;
Lat. causa, cura;
cf. also
Germ. scheuen; Engl. shy],
to be on one'
s guard, either for one's self or (more rarely) for
another; hence,
- I. In gen., with and without sibi, to be on one's guard, to take care, take heed, beware, guard against, avoid, = φυλάσσομαι, and the Fr. se garder, prendre garde, etc.; constr., absol., with ub, and in a course of action with ne or ut (also ellipt. with the simple subj.); or, as in Greek, with acc. (= φυλάσσομαί τι); hence also pass. and with inf., and once with cum.
- A. Absol.: qui consulte, docte, atque astute cavet, Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 14: faciet, nisi caveo, Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 8: ego cavebo, id. Ad. 4, 2, 12; 1, 1, 45: erunt (molesti) nisi cavetis. Cautum est, inquit, Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 93; Quint. 8, 3, 47: cum animum attendisset ad cavendum, Nep. Alcib. 5, 2; Suet. Claud. 37: metues, doctusque cavebis, Hor. S. 2, 7, 68.—Esp. freq. in the warning cave, look out! be careful! Ter. And. 1, 2, 34; id. Phorm. 2, 3, 51; Hor. C. 1, 14, 16; Ov. M. 2, 89.—
- B. With ab and abl.: eo mi abs te caveo cautius, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 42; id. Ps. 1, 5, 59; 4, 7, 128: si abs te modo uno caveo, id. Most. 3, 3, 24; Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 44: sibi ab eo, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 87: navis Aps quă cavendum nobis sane censeo, id. Men. 2, 2, 70: pater a me petiit Ut mihi caverem a Pseudolo servo suo, id. Ps. 3, 2, 108: a crasso infortunio, id. Rud. 3, 5, 53: ille Pompeium monebat, ut meam domum metueret, atque a me ipso caveret, Cic. Sest. 64, 133: caveo ab homine impuro, id. Phil. 12, 10, 25: a Cassio, Suet. Calig. 57: a veneno, Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 64: ab insidiis, Sall. J. 108, 2: monitum ut sibi ab insidiis Rufini caveret, App. Mag. 87, p. 329, 16; id. M. 2, p. 117, 3.—
- 2. With the simple abl.: caveo malo, Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 39: infortunio, id. Rud. 3, 5, 48: id. Cas. 2, 6, 59; id. Men. 1, 2, 13; id. Pers. 3, 1, 41: ipsus sibi cavit loco, i. e. got out of the way, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 12.—
- 3. With cum (rare): Hercle, mihi tecum cavendum est, with you, I must look out for myself, Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 21.—
- 4. With adversus, Quint. 9, 1, 20. —
- C. Followed by a final clause.
- 1. With ne, to take heed that... not, to be on one's guard lest: qui cavet ne decipiatur, vix cavet; cum etiam cavet, etiam cum cavisse ratus est, saepe is cautor captus est, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 5 and 6: caves, ne videat, etc., Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 6: ego me scio cavisse, ne ulla merito contumelia Fieri a nobis posset, id. Hec. 3, 5, 20; Afran. ap. Non. p. 111, 14; Lucr. 4, 1141: cavete, judices, ne nova ... proscriptio instaurata esse videatur, Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 153; id. Div. 2, 40, 84; id. Fam. 3, 12, 4; 11, 21, 4; Sall. J. 55, 3; Suet. Tib. 37: cave, ne, Cat. 61, 152; Hor. C. 3, 7, 24; id. S. 2, 3, 177; id. Ep. 1, 6, 32; 1, 13, 19; Ov. M. 2, 89; 10, 685: cave sis, ne, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 215: caveto ne, Cato, R. R. 5, 6: caveas, ne, Hor. S. 2, 1, 80: caveant, ne, id. A. P. 244: cavendum est, ne, Cic. Off. 1, 39, 140; Quint. 4, 3, 8; 12, 11, 2; Suet. Tib. 67; Quint. 9, 4, 23; 5, 11, 27.—
- 2. With ut ne (rare): quod ut ne accidat cavendum est, Cic. Lael. 26, 99.—
- 3. With a simple subj.; so only imper.: cave or cavete (cf. age), beware of, take care not, etc.: cave geras, Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 79: dixeris, Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 12: faxis cave, id. And. 4, 4, 14; id. Heaut. 1, 2, 13; Hor. S. 2, 3, 38: sis, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 29: contingas, Lucr. 2, 755: despuas, Cat. 50, 19: ignoscas, Cic. Lig. 5, 14: existimes, id. Fam. 9, 24, 4: putes, id. ib. 10, 12, 1 al.—Rarely with 1st pers.: cave posthac, si me amas, umquam istuc verbum ex te audiam, Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 8; cf. id. ib. 5, 4, 9.—With 3d pers.: resciscat quisquam, Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 37: te fratrum misereatur, Cic. Lig. 5, 14: roget te, Hor. S. 2, 5, 75: cave quisquam flocci fecerit, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 5: armis concurrant arma cavete, Verg. A. 11, 293.—And like age, cave with a verb in plur.: cave dirumpatis, Plaut. Poen. prol. 117.—
- 4. With ut, to take care that: cauto opu'st, Ut sobrie hoc agatur, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 29; cf. D. 2, infra: tertium est, ut caveamus, ut ea, quae, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 39, 141: quaero quid sit, quod... tam accurate caveat et sanciat, ut heredes sui dent, etc., id. Fin. 2, 31, 101: caverat sibi ille adulter omnium ut suorum scelerum socium te adjutoremque praebeas, id. Pis. 12, 28; Liv. 3, 10, 14; Plin. Pan. 39, 1: cavebitur ut, etc., Col. 2, 8, 3; cf. under II. A.—Very rarely with ut omitted, take care to, be sure to (late Lat.): sed heus tu... cave regrediare cenā maturius, App. M. 2, p. 122, 32; 2, p. 124, 35.—
- D. As act.
- 1. With acc. of pers. or thing against which warning is given or beed taken, to guard against, to be aware of, to beware of, etc.: profecto quid nunc primum caveam, nescio, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 104: tu, quod cavere possis, stultum admittere'st, Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 23; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 437, 23: caveamus fulminis ictum, Lucr. 6, 406: cave canem, Varr. ap. Non. p. 153, 1; Inscr. Orell. 4320; v. canis: interventum alicujus, Cic. Att. 16, 11, 1: omnia, id. Fam. 11, 21, 4: me, id. Dom. 11, 28: vallum caecum fossasque, Caes. B. C. 1, 28: quam sit bellum cavere malum, Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247: vim atque opes, Tac. A. 11, 1; cf. Suet. Tib. 72: male praecinctum puerum, id. Caes. 456: periculum, id. ib. 81; id. Galb. 19: insidias, id. Caes. 86; Tac. A. 13, 13: exitum, Suet. Tib. 83: annum, id. Ner. 40: maculas, Hor. A. P. 353: jurgia, Ov. A. A. 1, 591: hunc tu caveto, Hor. S. 1, 4, 85: proditorem, Quint. 7, 1, 30: hoc caverat mens provida Reguli, had prevented, Hor. C. 3, 5, 13: cave quicquam, be a little careful, Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 61.—
- 2. Pass.: quid cavendum tibi censere, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 437, 22: cavenda est etiam gloriae cupiditas, Cic. Off. 1, 20, 68: cetera, quae quidem consilio provideri poterunt, cavebuntur, id. Att. 10, 16, 2; Quint. 8, 2, 2; 9, 4, 143; 11, 3, 27 (cf. id. 6, 5, 2): in hoc pestifero bello cavendo, Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 1: quod multis rationibus caveri potest, id. Off. 2, 24, 84; Sall. J. 67, 2: prius quod cautum oportuit, Postquam comedit rem, post rationem putat, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 14: ego tibi cautum volo, id. Pers. 3, 1, 41: satis cautum tibi ad defensionem fore, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 35, § 88: quid quisque vitet, nunquam homini satis Cautum est, Hor. C. 2, 13, 14: id modo simul orant ac monent, ut ipsis ab invidiā caveatur, Liv. 3, 52, 11; cf. B. 1. supra: cauto opus est, care must be taken, Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 64; id. Most. 4, 2, 21; id. Merc. 2, 3, 133.—
- 3. With inf.: in quibus cave vereri ( = noli), Cic. Att. 3, 17, 3: caveret id petere a populo Romano, quod, etc., Sall. J. 64, 2: caveto laedere, Cat. 50, 21: occursare capro caveto, Verg. E. 9, 25: commisisse cavet, quod, etc., Hor. A. P. 168: cave Spem festinando praecipitare meam, Ov. P. 3, 1, 139: ut pedes omnino caveant tinguere, Plin. 8, 42, 68, § 169.
- II. Esp.
- A. Law t. t., to take care for, provide, order something, legally, or (of private relations) to order, decree, dispose of in writing, by will, to stipulate, etc.: cum ita caverent, si, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 11, § 31: duae sunt praeterea leges de sepulcris, quarum altera privatorum aedificiis, altera ipsis sepulcris cavet, id. Leg. 2, 24, 61: cautum est in Scipionis legibus ne plures essent, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 50, § 123: cautum est lege XII. Tab., ut, etc., Plin. 16, 5, 6, § 15: cavebatur ut, etc., Suet. Aug. 1; so, id. ib. 65; id. Tib. 75: quae legibus cauta sunt, Quint. 5, 10, 13: aliā in lege cautum, Cic. Inv. 2, 41, 119: cautum est de numero, Suet. Caes. 10; cf. id. Aug. 40: heredi caveri, Cic. Inv. 2, 41, 120; cf. id. Fam. 7, 6, 2: si hoc, qui testamentum faciebat, cavere noluisset, id. Leg. 2, 21, 53: testamento cavere ut dies natalis ageretur, id. Fin. 2, 31, 103; cf. Suet. Aug. 59; id. Dom. 9; id. Tib. 50: sibi se privatim nihil cavere... militibus cavendum, quod apud patres semel plebi, iterum legionibus cautum sit ne fraudi secessio esset, to make conditions, stipulate, Liv. 7, 41, 2.—
- B. In the lang. of business.
- 1. Cavere ab aliquo, to make one's self secure, to procure bail or surety: tibi ego, Brute, non solvam, nisi prius a te cavero, amplius, etc., Cic. Brut. 5, 18; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 23, § 55; cf. infra 2.; and cautio, II.—So absol.: quid ita Flavio sibi cavere non venit in mentem, to take security, Cic. Rosc. Com. 12, 35.—
- 2. To make one secure by bail or surety (either written or oral), to give security, to guarantee (cf. supra 1., and cautio; syn.: spondeo, cautionem praesto), Cic. Clu. 59, 162; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 142: pecunia, quam mihi Stichus Titii servus caverat, Dig. 46, 3, 89: cavere summam, ib. 29, 2, 97: chirographum, ib. 46, 3, 89: cautionem, ib. 46, 8, 6: civitates obsidibus de pecuniā cavent, Caes. B. G. 6, 2: quoniam de obsidibus inter se cavere non possent, id. ib. 7, 2; cf. Liv. 9, 42; 24, 2: cavere capite pro re aliquā, Plin. 34, 7, 17, § 38: jurejurando et chirographo de eā re, Suet. Calig. 12: cavere in duplum, id. Aug. 41; Tac. A. 6, 17.—Rarely, cavere personae publicae, to give security before a public authority, Just. Inst. 1, 11, 3.—
- C. In boxing, etc., to parry, to ward off a blow: adversos ictus cavere ac propulsare, Quint. 9, 1, 20; 5, 13, 54; cf. id. 9, 4, 8; 4, 2, 26.—
- D. Cavere alicui.
- 1. To keep something from one, to protect, have a care for, make safe, take care of (cf.: prohibeo, defendo, provideo): scabiem pecori et jumentis caveto, Cato, R. R. 5, 7: melius ei cavere volo, quam ipse aliis solet, Cic. Fam. 3, 1, 3: mihi meisque, id. Top. 1, 4; id. Fam. 7, 6, 2: veterani, quibus hic ordo diligentissime caverat, id. Phil. 1, 2, 6; cf.: qui in Oratore tuo caves tibi per Brutum, Caes. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 4: quique aliis cavit, non cavet ipsi sibi, Ov. A. A. 1, 84: securitati, Suet. Tit. 6: concordiae publicae, Vell. 2, 48, 5; Petr. 133; Sil. 8, 493.—
- 2. Affirmatively, to take care for, attend to a thing for a person, provide: Ba. Haec ita me orat sibi qui caveat aliquem ut hominem reperiam... Id, amabo te, huic caveas. Pi. Quid isti caveam? Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 8; 1, 1, 10; cf. I. C. 3. supra.—Hence, cautus, a, um, P. a.
- A. Neutr., careful, circumspect, wary, cautious, provident (syn.: providus, prudens; class. in prose and poetry): ut cautus est, ubi nihil opu'st, Ter. Phorm. 4, 5, 3: parum cauti providique, Cic. Rosc. Am. 40, 117: cauti in periculis, id. Agr. 1, 9, 27: in scribendo, id. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 3: in credendo, id. Att. 10, 9, 3: in verbis serendis, Hor. A. P. 46: mensor, Ov. M. 1, 136: mariti, id. ib. 9, 751: lupus, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 50: vulpes, id. ib. 1, 1, 73 et saep.: quem certi homines monuerunt, ut cautior esset, Cic. Sest. 18, 41: dubium cautior an audentior, Suet. Caes. 58.—Constr. with ad: ad praesentius malum cautiores, Liv. 24, 32, 3; Tib. 1, 9, 46; Quint. 6, 1, 20. —With adversus: parum cautus adversus colloquii fraudem, Liv. 38, 25, 7.—With erga: erga bona sua satis cautus, Curt. 10, 1, 40.—With contra: contra quam (fortunam) non satis cauta mortalitas est, Curt. 8, 4, 24.—With inf.: cautum dignos assumere, Hor. S. 1, 6, 51.—With gen.: rei divinae, Macr. S. 1, 15.—
- b. Transf. to inanimate things: consilium, Cic. Phil. 13, 3, 6; Tac. A. 11, 29: cautissima senectus, id. H. 2, 76: pectus, Prop. 3 (4), 5, 8. manus, Ov. F. 2, 336: terga, id. Tr. 1, 9, 20: arma, Sil. 14, 188: timor, Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 65.—Subst.: cauta, ōrum, n.: legum, the provisions, Cassiod. Var. 5, 14.—
- B. Pass. (acc. to I. B. 1., and II. B.), made safe, secured: cautos nominibus rectis expendere nummos, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 105: cautus ab incursu belli, Luc. 4, 409: quo mulieri esset res cautior (that her property might be made more secure), curavit, ut, etc., Cic. Caecin. 4, 11.—
- 2. Trop., safe, secure (rare): in eam partem peccare, quae est cautior, Cic. Rosc. Am. 20, 56: (civitates) murorum firmitate cautissimae, Amm. 14, 8, 13.—Adv.: cau-tē.
- 1. (Acc. to caveo, I. A.) Cautiously: caute et cogitate rem tractare, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 46: pedetentimque dicere, Cic. Clu. 42, 118: et cum judicio, Quint. 10, 2, 3 et saep. —Comp., Cic. Deiot. 6, 18; Quint. 2, 15, 21; 9, 2, 76; Hor. C. 1, 8, 10 al.—Sup., Cic. Att. 15, 26, 3.—
- 2. (Acc. to caveo, I. B. 1.) With security, cautiously, Cic. Leg. 2, 21, 53: aliter nec caute nec jure fieri potest, id. Att. 15, 17, 1.