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• spes, spēi (gen. spe, Liv. 1, 40, 7 dub.; Weissenb. spei; plur. nom. and acc. speres, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll., or Ann. v. 410 and 132 Vahl.; gen. sperum, Eum. Paneg. Const. 15; abl. speribus, Varr. ap. Non. 171, 27 and 30: spebus, Sid. Apollin. Ep. 3, 6; Sulp. Sev. Dial. 3, 10; Paul. Nol. Carm. 18, 243; Hilar. in Psa. 119; cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 570), f. [perh. root spa-, to draw out; Gr. σπάω; cf.: prosper, spondeo; v. spatium].

I. Lit.

A. In gen., the expectation of something desired, hope (the predom. signif. of the word; syn. exspectatio).

α. Absol.: si spes est exspectatio boni, mali exspectationem esse necesse est metum, Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 80: bona spes cum omnium rerum desperatione confligit, id. Cat. 2, 11, 25: ut aegroto, dum anima est, spes esse dicitur; sic, etc., id. Att. 9, 10, 3: nolite nimiam spem habere, Cat. ap. Gell. 13, 17, 1: spem habere in fide alicujus, Cic. Inv. 1, 39, 71; cf.: nostros tantum spei habere ad vivendum, quantum accepissent ab Antonio, id. Att. 15, 20, 2: miserum est nec habere ne spei quidem extremum, id. N. D. 3, 6, 14: in quīs plurimum habebat spei, Curt. 3, 3, 1: spem sibi aliquam proponere, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41: spem reliquorum in vestrā potestate positam esse, id. Fl. 1, 3: spem ponere in armis, Verg. A. 2, 676: spem deponere, abandon, Hor. S. 2, 5, 26; but: spem salvis in alicujus morte deponere, to place, Curt. 10, 9, 7: spem alicujus alere, Cic. Cat. 1, 12, 30; cf.: auxerat meam spem, quod, etc., id. Phil. 12, 1, 2: aliquem in spem adducere, id. Att. 3, 19, 2: quae (salus nostra) spe exiguā extremāque pendet, id. Fl. 2, 4: ut eos homines spes falleret, id. Div. in Caecil. 2, 4: quantā de spe decidi, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 9: hac spe lapsus Indutiomarus, Caes. B. G. 5, 55: nostris militibus spem minuit, id. ib. 5, 33: Helvetii eā spe dejecti, id. ib. 1, 8: ab hac spe repulsi Nervii, id. ib. 5, 42; cf.: de spe conatuque depulsus, Cic. Cat. 2, 7, 14: pro re certā spem falsam domum retulerunt, id. Rosc. Am. 38, 110: non solum spe, sed certā re jam et possessione deturbatus est, id. Fam. 12, 25, 2: spei nostrae finem inponere, Liv. 5, 4, 10: morando spem destituere, id. 1, 51, 5: dolor tantae ad inritum cadentis spei, id. 2, 6, 1: spes ad inritum redacta, id. 28, 31, 1: Philippus, magnā spe depulsus, id. 31, 25, 11: Tyrii ab ingenti spe destituti erant, Curt. 4, 3, 20: tantā spe destituti, id. 8, 6, 20: spem pro re ferentes, Liv. 36, 40, 7: hominem sine re, sine fide, sine spe, etc., Cic. Cael. 32, 78: sunt omnia, sicut adulescentis, non tam re et maturitate quam spe et exspectatione laudata, id. Or. 30, 107: ego jam aut rem aut ne spem quidem exspecto, id. Att. 3, 22, 4: nemo umquam animo aut spe majora suscipiet, qui, etc., id. Lael. 27, 102: multa praeter spem scio multis bona evenisse, Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 69; so, praeter spem evenit! Ter. And. 2, 6, 5; 4, 1, 55; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 51: repente praeter spem dixit, etc., Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 3: cetera contra spem salva invenit, Liv. 9, 23, 17: omnia bona in spe habere, Sall. C. 31, 7.—Plur.: ubi sunt spes meae? Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 28: si mihi mulierculae essent salvae, spes aliquae forent, id. Rud. 2, 6, 69; id. Capt. 2, 3, 85: in quo nostrae spes omnesque opes sitae Erant, Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 33; id. Phorm. 3, 1, 6; cf.: omnes Catilinae spes atque opes concidisse, Cic. Cat. 3, 7, 16; so often: spes opesque, Sall. J. 107, 4: (cadus) Spes donare novas largus, Hor. C. 4, 12, 19 al.—
β. With gen. obj.: spem istoc pacto nuptiarum omnem eripis, Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 35: spe mercedis adducti, Cic. Lael. 9, 31: spes dignitatis suae, id. de Or. 1, 7, 25: spes diuturnitatis atque imperii, id. Rep. 2, 3, 5: nec in praemiis humanis spem posueris rerum tuarum, id. ib. 6, 23, 25; cf. id. de Or. 1, 7, 25: quoniam me tui spem das, id. Rep. 1, 10, 15: ni mihi esset spes ostensa Hujusce habendae, Ter. Phorm. 5, 4, 7: spes amplificandae fortunae fractior, Cic. Lael. 16, 59: ut reo audaci spem judicii corrumpendi praeciderem, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 7, § 20: Antiochus a spe societatis Prusiae decidit, Liv. 37, 26, 1: hoc conloquium abstulit spem Hannibali recipiendae Nolae, id. 33, 44, 3: exulanti Amyandro spes recuperandi regni facta est, id. 38, 1, 3; Tac. Or. 14 fin.: spe templi capiendi, Liv. 31, 25, 2: spem suae mortis conceperat, Ov. M. 6, 554. —
γ. With obj.-clause: spes est, eum melius facturum, Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 22; id. Ep. 3, 1, 11; Auct. Her. 2, 17, 25: magna me spes tenet, explicare, etc., Cic. Clu. 3, 7: in spem maximam adducti, hunc ipsum annum salutarem civitati fore, id. Mil. 28, 78: ne spes quidem ulla ostenditur, fore melius, id. Att. 11, 11, 1: magnam in spem veniebat, fore, uti, etc., Caes. B. G. 1, 42: magnam se habere spem, Ariovistum finem injuriis facturum, id. ib. 1, 33: injecta est spes patri, Posse illam extrudi, Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 11: si qui vestrum spe ducitur, se posse, etc., Cic. Agr. 1, 9, 27: in spem venio, appropinquare tuum adventum, id. Fam. 9, 1, 1: magna me spes tenet, bene mihi evenire, quod mittar ad mortem, id. Tusc. 1, 41, 97: ad Aetolos legatum misit, magis ut nudaret animos, quam spe impetrari posse, Liv. 34, 24, 7: a spe scalis capi urbem posse, id. 6, 9, 9: spe castra eo die se oppugnaturos, id. 40, 31, 6.—
δ. With ut: quae te ratio in istam spem induxit, ut eos tibi fidelis putaris fore? Cic. Off. 2, 15, 53: si spem afferunt, ut ... fructus appareat, id. Lael. 19, 68: spes mihi certa fuit ut, etc., Aus. Idyll. 2, 46: irritā spe agitari, ut, etc., Tac. A. 16, 26.—(ε) With de: spes est de argento, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 40; Cic. Lael. 3, 11: de flumine transeundo spem se fefellisse, Caes. B. G. 2, 10: quam spem tunc ille de me concepit, Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 3: nato filio pater spem de illo quam optimam capiat, Quint. 1, 1, 1.—(ζ) With ad and gerund.: postea vero quam vidi nostros tantum spei habere ad vivendum, Cic. Att. 15, 20, 2: spem habere ad ejus salutem exstinguendam, id. Mil. 2, 5: Gallis ad temptanda ea defuit spes, Liv. 21, 25, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.: cum spei ad resistendum nihil esset, id. 43, 18, 10; 43, 19, 9.—

2. In partic.

a. The hope of being appointed heir (rare): leniter in spem Arrepe officiosus, ut et scribare secundus Heres, Hor. S. 2, 5, 47: in spem secundam nepotes pronepotesque (assumebantur), Tac. A. 1, 8. —
b. Spes, a Roman divinity who had several temples in Rome, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 52; id. Ps. 2, 4, 19; id. Cist. 4, 1, 18; Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 28; id. N. D. 2, 23, 61; 3, 18, 47; Liv. 2, 51, 2; 25, 7, 6; 40, 51, 6; Tac. A. 2, 49; Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 14; Tib. 1, 1, 9 (19); Ov. A. A. 1, 445; Aus. Idyll. 12, 9; cf. Hartung, Relig. d. Röm. 2, p. 264.—

B. Transf, concr., like the Engl. hope, of that in which hope is placed, or which is hoped for (poet. and in postAug. prose).

1. In gen.: puppes, Spes vestri reditus, Ov. M. 13, 94; cf.: vestras spes uritis, Verg. A. 5, 672: spes o fidissima Teucrum (of Aeneas), id. ib. 2, 281: spem suam (i. e. exta) circumvolat alis (milvus), Ov. M. 2, 719; cf.: spe (i. e. re speratā) potitur, id. ib. 11, 527.—
2. In partic., of hopeful children, and, by analogy, of the young of animals, or of the fruits of the earth: devovit nati spemque caputque parens, Ov. H. 3, 94 Ruhnk.; cf. also in plur., of one child: per spes surgentis Iuli, Verg. A. 6, 364; 10, 524; 4, 274; cf.: tuosne ego, o meae spes inanes, labentis oculis vidi, Quint. 6, prooem. § 12: (capella) gemellos, Spem gregis, silice in nudā connixa reliquit, Verg. E. 1, 15; cf. id. G. 4, 162: (sus) quia semina pando Eruerit rostro spemque interceperit anni, Ov. M. 15, 113.—

b. In gen., as a term of endearment, hope: spes mea, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 27: o spes mea, o mea vita, o mea voluptas, salve, id. Stich. 4, 2, 5: o salutis meae spes, id. Rud. 3, 3, 17: et mea carissima filiola, et spes reliqua nostra, Cicero, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 6.—

II. An anticipation or apprehension of something not desired, ἐλπίς (very rare): si meam spem vis improborum fefellerit atque superaverit, Cic. Cat. 4, 11, 23: mala res, spes multo asperior, Sall. C. 20, 13: Metellus contra spem suam laetissimis animis excipitur, id. J. 88, 1: id (bellum) quidem spe omnium serius fuit, Liv. 2, 3, 1: omnium spe celerius, id. 21, 6, 5: in malā jam spe, id. 22, 48: in spe Hannibali fuit defectio Tarentinorum, id. 25, 7: dum spes nulla necis, Stat. Th. 9, 129; cf.: naufragii spes omnis abit, Luc. 5, 455.

• 1 spēs, spĕī, f., attente,

I. [d'une chose favorable] espérance, espoir :

1. bona spes Cic. Cat. 2, 25, le bon espoir ; summæ spei adulescentes Cæs. G. 7, 63, 9, jeunes gens ayant les plus hautes espérances [visées] ; ad spem alicujus rei Cic. Rep. 2, 5, dans l'espoir de qqch., en prévision de ; præter spem Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 91 ; præter spem omnium Cic. Phil. 5, 43, contre l'espérance, contre toute espérance ; animo aut spe Cic. Læl. 102, en pensée ou en espérance ; quæ est spes ab irato ? Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 9, qu'espérer d'un homme en colère ? cf. Liv. 21, 13, 4 ; omnes Catilinæ spes Cic. Cat. 3, 16, tous les espoirs de Catilina
2. [constr.] : in aliqua re, in aliquo spem collocare Cic. Verr. 2, pr. 9 ; de Or. 1, 25, fonder une espérance sur qqch., sur qqn ; tui spem das Cic. Rep. 1, 15, tu donnes espoir de toi ; in aliquo, in aliqua re spem habere Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 1 ; Inv. 1, 71, avoir espoir en qqn, en qqch. ; de aliquo spem habere Cic. Læl. 11, concevoir des espérances au sujet de qqn ; in spe esse Cic. Fam. 14, 3, 2 ; in nulla spe esse Cic. Att. 9, 19, 2, avoir de l'espoir, n'avoir aucun espoir, cf. Cic. Att. 6, 2, 6 ; 8, 11 D, 1 [mais in spe esse Cæs. C. 2, 17, 4, être espéré, et defectio in spe Hannibali erat Liv. 25, 7, 10, la défection était espérée d'Hannibal] ; in spem alicujus rei venire Cæs. G. 7, 12, 5, ou de aliqua re Cæs. G. 7, 30, 4, en venir à espérer, se prendre à espérer qqch. ; spes aliquem fefellit de aliqua re Cæs. G. 2, 10, 4, qqn est déçu dans ses espérances touchant qqch. ; ea spe dejectus Cæs. G. 1, 8, 4 ; ab hac spe repulsus Cæs. G. 5, 42, 1 ; hac spe lapsus Cæs. G. 5, 55, 3, déçu de cette espérance || spem habere ad ejus salutem exstinguendam Cic. Mil. 5, concevoir des espérances touchant sa perte, cf. Cic. Att. 15, 20, 2 ; Liv. 21, 25, 10 ; 43, 18, 10 ; 43, 19, 9 || [avec prop. inf.] : in spem maximam adducti, hunc annum... fore Cic. Mil. 78, conduits à espérer fermement que cette année sera... ; magnam habere spem Ariovistum finem facturum Cæs. G. 1, 33, avoir le ferme espoir qu'Arioviste mettra un terme... ; magnam in spem veniebat fore uti Cæs. G. 1, 42, 3, il se prenait à espérer fortement [qu'il arriverait] que ; magna me spes tenet bene mihi evenire... Cic. Tusc. 1, 97, j'ai le grand espoir que c'est pour moi un bonheur..., cf. Cic. Clu. 7 ; in spem venio appropinquare tuum adventum Cic. Fam. 9, 1, 1, je me prends à espérer ta venue prochaine ; non tam a spe scalis capi urbem posse quam Liv. 6, 9, 9, moins dans l'espoir que la ville pourrait être prise par escalade que, cf. Liv. 40, 31, 6 || spem afferre, ut Cic. Læl. 68, laisser espérer que, cf. Pl. Bacch. 370 ; Tac. Ann. 16, 26 ; Gell. 7, 14, 4
3. [en part.] espoir d'héritage : Hor. S. 2, 5, 47 ; spes secunda Tac. Ann. 1, 8, espoir d'hériter en seconde ligne
4. espoir, objet de l'espoir : vestras spes uritis Virg. En. 5, 672, ce sont vos espérances [les vaisseaux] que vous brûlez ; spe potitur Ov. M. 11, 527, il est au comble de ses vœux, cf. M. 2, 719 || capella gemellos, spem gregis, reliquit Virg. B. 1, 15, la chèvre a abandonné deux jumeaux, l'espoir de mon troupeau || et spes reliqua nostra, Cicero Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 6, et toi, mon dernier espoir, mon cher Cicéron || t. de caresse : spes mea ! Pl. Rud. 247, mon doux espoir !

II. attente, perspective : spes multo asperior Sall. C. 20, 13, une perspective [un avenir] encore bien plus pénible, cf. Sall. J. 88, 1 ; omnium spe celerius Liv. 21, 6, 5, plus vite qu'on ne s'y attendait, cf. Liv. 2, 3, 1. ➳ arch. nom. acc. pl., speres, Enn. Ann. 128 ; 429 ; abl. speribus Varro Men. 1 ; 350 ; cf. Fest. 333.

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