since (prep.) Copy link Outline 1. ex, ē (with abl.)2. ăb, ā (with abl.; less precise in its force than ex, which latter denotes immediate sequence, whereas ab simply gives a date)3. post (with acc.) • since (prep.): 1. ex, ē (with abl.): esp. in such phrr. as, ex quo, ex eo, ever s. the time when ..., Virg. Aen. 2, 163 and 169 (but though this constr. is used by Liv., Caes. and Cic. always express the subs.: cf. Cic. Quint. 5, fin., itaque ex eo tempore, res esse ... coepit: ever s. the building of the bridge had been begun, ex eo tempore quo pons institui coeptus est, Caes. B. G. 4, 18). 2. ăb, ā (with abl.; less precise in its force than ex, which latter denotes immediate sequence, whereas ab simply gives a date): esp. with jam, inde, usque: ever s. that time, jam ab illo tempore, Cic. Fam. 2, 16: ever s. the beginning of this empire, jam inde a principio hujus imperii, Cic. Prov. 13, 33: Liv.: s. Romulus to the present day, usque a Romulo, id. Vat. 8, 20: ever s. (I, he) was a child, a puero, a parvulo, etc.: cf. L. G. § 589. 3. post (with acc.): s. the creation of man, post homines natos, Cic. Br. 62, 224: so, post genus hominum natum, id. Bal. 10, 26. See also since, conj. (I.).
since (adv.) Copy link Outline 1. ăbhinc (ago)2. expr. for a long while s., by jamdūdum, jamprīdem (with pres. indic.)3. when a definite date is given, expr. by ante • since (adv.): 1. ăbhinc (ago): with acc. or abl.: you were quaestor fourteen years s., quaestor fuisti a. annos xiv., Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12, 34: with abl., abhinc annis quattuor, id. R. Com. 13, init. (the acc. appears to be more usual, unless perhaps when a precise point of time is to be indicated). 2. expr. for a long while s., by jamdūdum, jamprīdem (with pres. indic.): he has been indoors long s., jamdudum est intus, Pl. As. 3, 3, 151: cf. Virg. Aen. 2, 647, jampridem invisus divis ... demoror. L. G. § 392, Obs. (A past tense may be used with jampridem, when the reference is emphatically to past time: cf. Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 2, ad mortem te duci jampridem oportebat, where oportet could not have stood, since that would have implied a present obligation and intention on the part of the speaker: cf. Gk. ἐχρῆν·) 3. when a definite date is given, expr. by ante: six months s., ante hos sex menses, Phaedr. 1, 1, 10.
since (conj.) Copy link Outline I. Temporal1. expr. by quum, with pres. ind. (when a thing is still going on)2. postquam (referring to a definitely past event3. expr. by ex quo temporeII. Logical1. quum (with subj.)2. expr. by quippe, with pron. rel.; usu. with subj.3. quŏniam (seeing that; usu. with indic.)4. sīquĭdem5. quandŏquĭdem (with indic)6. also simply, quando7. postquam (not class. in this sense) • since (conj.): I. Temporal: 1. expr. by quum, with pres. ind. (when a thing is still going on): it is many years s. he was first in my debt [and he is so still], multi anni sunt quum ille in meo aere est, Cic. Fam. 15, 14. 2. postquam (referring to a definitely past event: with perf. ind.): s. you went away, everything has been getting worse, *postquam tu discessisti, omnia pejus ire coeperunt (or, post discessum tuum, etc., using verbal subs.): cf. since, prep. (3). 3. expr. by ex quo tempore: I have not received a single letter from you s. you started, ex quo tempore tu profectus es, nullae mihi litterae tuae allatae sunt: v. since, prep. (1). II. Logical: 1. quum (with subj.): s. we have in us reason ... it necessarily follows ..., quum sit in nobis consilium ... necesse est ..., Cic. N. D. 2, 31, 79: et pass. Strengthened, quippe quum, Nep. pref.; utpote quum, Asin. Poll. in Cic. Fam. 10, 32. 2. expr. by quippe, with pron. rel.; usu. with subj.: (he did not go to entertainments with his father), s. in fact he did not even come ..., quippe qui ne ... quidem veniret ..., Cic. R. Am. 18, extr.: also with indic., when it may usu. be rendered and in fact. Similarly, utpŏtĕ qui (as being one who: with indic. or subj.): Cic. Ph. 5, 11, 30. 3. quŏniam (seeing that; usu. with indic.): wherefore, s. the matter has been brought to this issue, quapropter, q. res in id discrimen adducta est, Cic. Ph. 3, 11, 29: et pass. Rarely, with subj.: accordingly, s. he could not speak for himself, his brother ..., itaque q. ipse pro se dicere non posset, frater ..., Nep. Milt. 7. (In Caes. B. G. 5, 3, the subj. possent belongs to obliqua oratio.) 4. sīquĭdem: v. seeing that. 5. quandŏquĭdem (with indic): s. you admire those orators so highly, q. tu istos oratores tantopere laudas, Cic. Br. 44, 163 Liv. 6. also simply, quando: Quint. 12, 8, 5 (with indic.): Ter. 7. postquam (not class. in this sense): Pl.
SINCE Copy link • SINCE 1. prep. Because, forasmuch as, quia: quoniam: quod: cum (subjunctive): quando: quandoquidem; also by qui, quippe qui [SYN. in BECAUSE]. Since these things are so, quae cum ita sint. From the lime that, e or ex (when an intimate connection is implied): a or ab: post (from, denoting the point of commencement). Since that time, ex eo tempore, or simply ex eo; ex quo tempore, or ex quo (at the beginning of a sentence): since the time when, ex quo (in Liv. and later writers; but cum is the more classical, and should be preferred in writing Latin; e.g., not est annus ex quo, or duo sunt anni ex quibus, but est annus, etc. cum, Krebs). 2. adverb, abhinc (with an accusative when uninterrupted duration is implied; with an ablative, when there is reference merely to the time in or during which a thing is done; the abhinc preceding): sometimes ante with hic. Three years since, abhinc annos tres or tribus annis: six months since, ante hos sex menses: [☞ sometimes the ablative only: paucis bis diebus (a few days ago); and ante is found for abhinc without hic; e.g., qui centum millibus annorum ante occiderunt.] Long since, pridem (opposed to nuper, marking a distant point of time): dudum (opposed to modo, marking a space, but only of some minutes or hours; all often used with jam): he died long since, jam pridem mortuus est: you ought to have been executed long since, ad mortem te duci jam pridem oportebat [☞ not diu, which goes with the perfect definitive: jam diu mortuus est, “he has been long dead”].