of Copy link Outline I. Denoting the relation of one subs. to another1. expr. by gen.2. sometimes instead of gen. a prep. may be used, to define more exactly the relation between the two subss.II. In partitive sense1. expr. by gen. (after all words which denote a part of a number; including comparatives and superlatives, Zumpt § 429)2. expr. by preps. de, ex, and less freq. interIII. To denote the material of which a thing is made1. ex2. de (mostly poet.3. expr. by adjj. in -eus, -nusIV. Denoting quality or description1. expr. by gen. or abl., but only when the latter subs. has an adj. joined with it (L. G. §§ 274, 318)2. when the second subs. has no adj., represent the Eng. subs. by an adj.V. To denote causeVI. = About, with reference toVII. Inseparable from certain verbs; as to smell of, taste of, consist of • of: I. Denoting the relation of one subs. to another: 1. expr. by gen.: pass. N.B.--This constr. cannot be used (a) when the latter subs. denotes the same thing as the former (apposition: as, urbs Roma, insula Tenedos, where the gen. can never stand): nor (b) when the latter subs. denotes a quality of the former, except when an adj. is attached to the latter (hence, a man of genius, vir ingeniosus or vir magni ingenii: never vir ingenii): nor (c) when the latter subs. denotes the material of which the former is made (a statue of marble, statua marmorea, never statua marmoris): nor (d) in indicating the place of any one's birth (a man of Athens, Atheniensis; never vir Athenarum). 2. sometimes instead of gen. a prep. may be used, to define more exactly the relation between the two subss.: e. g. the news of (= concerning) the death of Titurius had not yet reached him, nondum ad eum fama de Titurii morte perlata, Caes. B. G. 5, 39: much flattery of (= addressed to) Augusta on the part of the Senate, multa patrum in Augustam adulatio, Tac. A. 1 14: fear of (arising from, caused by) the Emperor, metus ex Imperatore, ib. 11, 20 (a constr. not to be imitated). II. In partitive sense: 1. expr. by gen. (after all words which denote a part of a number; including comparatives and superlatives, Zumpt § 429): that at least one of the consuls should be appointed from the commons, ut consulum utique alter ex plebe crearetur, Liv. 6, 35, med.: so also with uterque: you will greatly oblige both of us, utrique nostrum gratum admodum feceris, Cic. Am. 4, 16 (but in pl., hi utrique, both of these; not horum utrique): thou mightiest of princes, maxime principum! Hor. Od. 4, 14, 6: the elder of (two) young men, major juvenum, id. A. P. 366: Cic. (to do anything) best of all, optime omnium, Cic. Fam. 4, 13, extr. (N.B.--This constr. is not used with words signifying a part of a single whole; in which case an adj. usu. occurs in agr. with subs.: e. g. the top, bottom of a tree, summa, ima arbor, etc.: L. G. § 341.) 2. expr. by preps. de, ex, and less freq. inter: a few of our men are slain, pauci de nostris cadunt, Caes. B. G. 1, 15: one of them, unus de illis, Cic. Mil. 24, 65: one of the many (the common herd), unus de multis, id. Off. 1, 30, 109 (also, unus e multis, id. Fin. 2, 20, fin.): the keenest of all the senses, acerrimus ex omnibus sensibus, id. de Or. 2, 87, 357: one of the soldiers, quidam ex militibus, Caes. B. G. 1, 42: Croesus richest of kings, ille Croesus opulentissimus inter reges, Sen. Contr.: Mela. N.B.--(1). Instead of either the gen. or a prep., must be used an adj. in agreement with its subs., when the whole are included: e. g., but a few of us survive, nos pauci supersumus: cf. Cic. Ph. 2, 6, 13, veniamus ad vivos, qui duo e consularium numero reliqui sunt, i. e. two of whom: so, how many are there of you? quot estis? the prep. of denoting a kind of apposition, not separation. (2). After the dualizing words alter, uter, neuter, uterque, the gen. is preferred: after a superlative, the gen. denotes absolute, unqualified superiority, as a thing beyond doubt: when de or ex is used, the objects compared are placed more on a level. (3). After words not included in the preced. two cases, the use of a prep. is usual in prose, not of a genitive. III. To denote the material of which a thing is made: 1. ex: esp. after the verb facio: a statue of bronze, statua ex aere facta, Cic. Verr. 2, 21, 50: Varr.: also without facio: cups of gold, pocula ex auro, ib. 4, 27, 62 (but this constr. is less fit for common prose). 2. de (mostly poet.: constr. like preced.): a statue (made) of marble, factum de marmore signum, Ov. M. 14, 313: I will build a temple of marble, templum de marmore ponam, Virg. G. 3, 13: Tib. So of transformations: to make a captive of a king, captivum de rege facere, Just. 7, 2. 3. expr. by adjj. in -eus, -nus: e. g. made of wood, marble, fir, oak, ligneus, marmoreus, abiegnus, ilignus, etc.: v. wooden, etc. IV. Denoting quality or description: 1. expr. by gen. or abl., but only when the latter subs. has an adj. joined with it (L. G. §§ 274, 318): a man of the highest talents, vir summae indolis or summa indole; summi ingenii or summo ingenio: pass. 2. when the second subs. has no adj., represent the Eng. subs. by an adj.: thus, a thing of beauty, res pulchra; id quod pulchrum est: see corresponding adjj. V. To denote cause: expr. by abl.: e. g. to die of a disease, of hunger, of cold, morbo, inedia, frigore perire: L. G. § 311. VI. = About, with reference to: de: v. concerning. VII. Inseparable from certain verbs; as to smell of, taste of, consist of: v. to smell, etc.
think about Copy link Outline I. To dwell upon in thought1. cōgĭto, 1 (constr. with acc. or abl. with de)2. rĕpŭto, 13. pŭto, 1 (less freq. than preced.)4. mĕdĭtor, 1 (constr. with acc.5. commentor, 1 (to t. over thoroughly6. verso, 17. ăgĭto, 1 (usu. with mente, animo8. pensĭto, 1 (constr. with acc. or abl. with de)9. rĕcordor, 110. prospĭcio, spexi, spectum, 3II. To be bent upon1. cōgĭto, 1 (with foll. inf.)2. mĕdĭtor, 1 • think about, of, over: I. To dwell upon in thought: 1. cōgĭto, 1 (constr. with acc. or abl. with de): whether I t. over any matter, or write or read anything, sive quid mecum ipse c. sive quid aut scribo aut lego, Cic. Leg. 2, 1, 1: to t. of nothing but rocks and mountains, nil nisi saxa et montes c., id. ib. 2, 1, 2: to t. very often of our common miseries, persaepe c. de communibus miseriis, id. Fam. 7, 3, 1: v. consider, reflect: to t. over earnestly, toto pectore, animo c., id. Att. 13, 12, extr.; Fam. 1, 7, 3: excogito, 1, is to find out some expedient by t.ing, id. Att. 9, 6: v. devise. 2. rĕpŭto, 1: to t. over again and again, etiam atque etiam r., Pl. Trin. 3, 2, 48. Join: r. et cogitare, Cic. Deiot. 13, 38. 3. pŭto, 1 (less freq. than preced.): whilst t.ing of these things I passed by the house unawares, dum haec puto praeterii imprudens villam, Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 4: Cic. 4. mĕdĭtor, 1 (constr. with acc.: rarely de): v. meditate. 5. commentor, 1 (to t. over thoroughly: constr. with acc. or de): to t. over one's coming miseries, futuras secum c. miserias, Cic. Tusc. 3, 14, 29 (poet.): Brut. 88, 301. 6. verso, 1: also volvo, 3, vŏluto, 1: v. turn over, ponder. 7. ăgĭto, 1 (usu. with mente, animo: also with acc. or abl. with de): to t. of war, a. in animo bellum, Liv. 21, 2; de bello a., Tac. H. 2, 1: he has nothing else to t. of, habet nihil aliud quod agitet in mente, Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 114. Join: a. et cogitare, id. Fontei. 6, 12. 8. pensĭto, 1 (constr. with acc. or abl. with de): to t. gloomily over anything, aliquid morosissime p., Suet. Aug. 66: Liv.: Gell. 9. rĕcordor, 1: v. remember. 10. prospĭcio, spexi, spectum, 3: v. TAKE CARE OF. Phr.: to t. of anything, cogitationem suscipere de aliqua re, Caes. in Cic. Att. 9, 7, C: I perceive what he is t.ing of, quo animum intendat perspicio, Cic. Verr. Act. 1, 3, 10: to t. of the calamities of states, civitatum calamitates animo colligo, id. Inv. 1, 1, 1: can what I am t.ing of be accomplished? fierine potest quod ego mente concipio? Liv. 1, 36: t. in your mind of that which you cannot see with your eyes, animo contemplare quod oculis non potes, Cic. Deiot. 14, 40: I am wont to t. of that time, solet mihi in mentem venire illius temporis, id. Fam. 7, 3, 1: cf. Lat. Gr. § 278, Obs. 5: I have never thought of you as other than you are, nunquam te aliter atque es induxi in animum meum, Ter. Ad. 4, 3, 6: he thought of a plan which appeared rash at first sight, ad consilium prima specie temerarium animum adjecit, Liv. 25, 37, ad fin.: v. bethink oneself: he thought of his own advancement rather than the welfare of the state, ad suum magis ille commodum quam ad salutem rei publicae spectabat, Cic. Sest. 16, 37. II. To be bent upon: 1. cōgĭto, 1 (with foll. inf.): he who t.s of harming another, is qui nocere alteri cogitat, Cic. Off. 1, 7, 24: v. intend, design, purpose. 2. mĕdĭtor, 1: v. meditate, II. Phr.: as I am t.ing of doing, ut mihi est in animo facere, Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 20: he thought of disinheriting him, istum exheredare in animo habuit, id. Rosc. Am. 18, 52.
OF Copy link • OFAs a sign of the genitive, or denoting possession, is usually expressed by the genitive case in Latin. ☞ Ab, with an ablative instead of the genitive, is poetical; e.g., dulces a fontibus undae (Verg.). Denoting origin, beginning, or cause; we sometimes find e or ex; de: but the preposition is used only for the sake of emphasis or perspicuity; for the most part, “of” is expressed by the simple genitive; e.g., rex Macedoniae or Macedonum, King of Macedon. Sometimes “of” is expressed by the use of an adjective; e.g., a citizen of Athens, civig Atheniensis. In the titles of nobility a is better than de; but it is generally best to employ an adjective; e, g: dux Guisius, the Duke of Guise. To die of a disease, perire a morbo (Vid: Bremi, Nep., De Regg., 3, 3): to die of wounds, ex vulneribus perire. When “of” refers to the material of which a thing is made, it is usual not to employ the preposition alone, but to make it dependent on a participle, as factus, expressus, or the like; e.g., poculum ex auro, better poculum ex auro factum; or by the use of an adjective, poculum aureum. ☞ The preposition must not be used when speaking of things as consisting of a certain material: in this case the material must be denoted by an adjective, or by a substantive in the genitive case; e.g., mountains of gold, montes aurei, or montes auri. Denoting the quality or property of a thing. When a property is considered as manifest or apparent, and so as existing according to the mind or judgement of a spectator, the ablative must be employed; e.g., puella pulchra forma, of a beautiful figure: but when the property is characteristic, and considered as inherent in the subject, then we find the genitive. Hence all descriptions of a thing with reference to its size, weight, age, etc., have the genitive; e.g., pedum quindecim fossa; homo fervidi ingenii; vir magni judicii et summae facultatis. In denoting the part of a whole, usually ex, more rarely ab; e.g., nonnulli ab novissimis, some of (Caes.). Concerning, respecting, de. What must be thought of those who...? quid de iis existimandum, qui? etc. Out of, de; ex; inter (among). Before the name of a town as the native place of a person, “of” is usually expressed by an adjective, of the name of the place instead of a preposition; e.g., Lycurgus of Sparta, Lycurgus Spartanus; Pericles of Athens, Pericles Atheniensis. The preposition with the place is sometimes, but rarely, used; as Liv., 1, 50, Turnus ab Aricia for Turnus Aricinus. (☞ This mode of writing is almost peculiar to Livy.) Sometimes “of” is expressed in Latin by the form of construction; e.g., to smell of a thing, sapere rem: of high birth, natus summo loco: of one’s own accord, sponte mea, tua, etc. ☞ The city of Rome, urbs Roma (in apposition, not Romae). The following instances show how to translate “of” before the participial substantive. (1) By infinitive: let no one repent of having preferred, ne quem poeniteat sequi maluisse, etc.: I don’t despair of there being some one, non despero fore aliquem: (2) quod with subjunctive: I think he should repent of having given up his opinion, ego illi, quod de sua sententia decessisset, poenitendum censeo: they accused Socrates of corrupting, Socratem accusarunt, quod corrumperet. (3) Instead of reading, he does so and so, cum possit or cum debeat legere (according as the thing not done was a possibility or a duty): why do you cry instead of laughing? cur rides ac non potius lacrimaris? Miscellaneous. To ask or inquire of anybody, quaerere aliquid ex [ab, de] aliquo: to consist of anything, ex aliqua re constare, consistere; also, of numbers, esse with genitive. To be made of anything, ex aliqua re factum, constitutum esse: one of, unus ex, less commonly de.