himself Copy link Outline 1. in agr. with subject2. in objective relations, i. e. when used reflexively3. when the use of the words himself, themselves, indicates some opposition or antithesis • himself: 1. in agr. with subject: ipse, īus: he h. said so, ipse dixit (= Gr. αὐτὸς ἔφα), Quint. 11, 1, 27: Cic.: Sall. Sometimes strengthened by -met, Pl. Amph. prol. 102: Cic.: the superl. ipsissimus also occurs: Pl. Trin. 4, 2, 146. 2. in objective relations, i. e. when used reflexively: sui, sĭbi, sē or sēsē (referring back to the subject of the sentence): he devoted h. altogether to politics, totum se dedidit reipublicae, Nep. Them. 1: they surrendered themselves to Caesar, se Caesari dediderunt, Caes.: Cic. The forms sibi, se, are often strengthened by the suffix -met; and the prep. cum is always used enclitically when joined with se, as secum. 3. when the use of the words himself, themselves, indicates some opposition or antithesis: ipse and sui combined: the ipse agreeing with the subject or object, according as stress is laid on the one or the other, cf. Zumpt § 696; St. L. G. § 617: (i). subjects contrasted: without trying to move the pity of the enemy, he laid violent hands on himself, ne tentata quidem hostis misericordia se ipse interfecit (i. e. it was not the enemy who slew him, but himself), Vell. 2, 71, fin.: cf. Tac. H. 1, 46, Praetorii praefectos sibi ipsi legere (i. e. they made the appointments themselves, others did not make them): (ii). objects contrasted: he cannot control an army who does not control himself, non potest exercitum is continere qui se ipsum non continet, Cic. Man. 13, 38: he slew his brother, and afterwards himself, fratrem suum dein seipsum (or se ipsum) interfecit, Tac. (Key). N.B.--The former constr. is however more frequent, and is found even in cases where there is an antithesis of objects: cf. Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 2, quid est negotii continere eos quibus praesis, si te ipse (cf. supr. i.) contineas? cf. Zumpt, l. c. Phr.: to do right of h. (freely), sua sponte recte facere, Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 50: almost beside h., vix compos animi, ib. 3, 2, 12 (v. oneself): one who lives by h., solitarius homo, Cic. Off. 2, 11, 39; who keeps by h. (in political strife), qui solitarius separatusque secedit, Gell. 2, 12, init.
HIMSELF Copy link • HIMSELF(A) As nominative, ipse (☞ ipsemet only, Plaut., Amph. Prol., 10, 2, [ipsemet abiit], and plur. ipsimet, Cic., 3 Verr., 1, 3). (B) In an oblique case: (a) by sui (sibi, se, or sese) alone: I have restored my brother to himself, reddidi fratrem sibi: to hurt himself, sibi nocere: to forget himself, sui oblivisci: with himself, secum: (b) by sui and ipse: (1) If an opposition is to be indicated between the subject and some other subject, ipse will be in the nominative (or, in the case of accusative cum infinitive, in the accusative): Junius necem sibi ipse conscivit = he himself, and no other, did the deed; so Varius Quintilius se ipse in tabemaculo interfecit, Velleius, 2, 71, 3; deforme est de se ipsum praedicare, Cic. (2) If the opposition is to the object, the ipse will be in the same case as the sui; aliquis sibi ipsi inimicus est, is an enemy to himself, not (as would be more natural) to another. (3) If, however, a strong emphasis lies on the subject, the ipse may remain in the nominative, even when the object has an implied notion opposed to it; and, in general, Cic. is partial to the retention of ipse in nominative [Zumpt, 696]; thus, ut non modo populo Romano, sed etiam sibi ipse condemnatus videretur, Verr., 1, 6; but qui potest exercitum is continere imperator, qui se ipsum (opposed to exercitum) non potest? Manl. 13. Of himself, ipse: sua sponte: ultro (e.g., polliceri, of his own free will). By himself, per se (ipse); per se solus; suo Marte, but always with reference to the original meaning of the expression: ☞ not proprio Marte. All = without the help of any other person): solus (alone): separatim (separately; opposed to “in conjunction with others;” e.g., ludos et cum collega et separatim edidit): to live by himself, secum vivere: to have found anything out by himself, per se invenisse aliquid. To learn by himself, sine magistro discere: he had done it quite of himself, sua sponte fecerat: to recover himself, ad se redire. To deceive himself, falli. To vex himself, cruciari: to avail himself of anything, uti aliqua re. A likeness of himself, sui similis species (Cic., Tusc., 1, 15, 34); sua imago (Plaut., Pseud., 1, 1, 55). To be always himself, or like himself, semper suum esse (e.g., in disputando, Cic., Fin., 4, 4, 10).