force (subs.) Copy link Outline I. Strength, energy1. vis, vim, vi; pl. vīres, f. (in most senses of the Eng.)2. mănus, ūs, f. (meton.3. mōmentum (of that which determines things one way or another)4. impĕtus, ūsII. Military1. cōpiae, arum2. vīres, ium, f. (in milit. sense, troops with reference to their strength as a whole) • force (subs.): I. Strength, energy: 1. vis, vim, vi; pl. vīres, f. (in most senses of the Eng.): the f. of a current, v. fluminis, Caes.: Lucr.: f. (violence) is repelled by f., vis vi repellitur, Cic. Of immaterial things: f. of intellect, v. ingenii, Cic.: the entire f. (essence or nature) of friendship, omnis v. amicitiae, Cic. Am. 4, 15: the f. (power) of conscience, v. conscientiae, Cic. Mil. 23, 61: baffled by the f. of truth, repulsus veritatis viribus, Phaedr. 1, 1, fin. 2. mănus, ūs, f. (meton.: "main f."): in this sense usu. pl.: to keep one's liberty by f., libertatem per manus retinere, Sall. Jug. 31, ad fin.: the matter came to f. and fighting, res venit ad manus et ad pugnam, Cic.: v. violence. 3. mōmentum (of that which determines things one way or another): v. influence, weight. 4. impĕtus, ūs: v. impetuosity, energy. Phr.: f. of style, nervi, Cic. Or. 19, 62: Hor. A. P. 26 (v. vigour): to be in f. (of laws), valēre, Cic. in Sen. 5, 11: they don't comprehend the f. of this word, hoc verbum quid valeat non intelligunt, Cic. Off. 3, 9, 39 (v. meaning): to lose f., obsolescere, cf. Cic. Sext. 28, 60 (v. obsolete, to become). II. Military: 1. cōpiae, arum: cavalry and infantry f.s, equestres et pedestres c., Cic. Fin. 2, 34, 112: to raise large f.s, magnas c. comparare, Cic.: Caes. Dimin., copiolae, petty f.s, D. Brut. in Cic. Fam. 11, 13. 2. vīres, ium, f. (in milit. sense, troops with reference to their strength as a whole): sufficient f.s for an engagement, satis virium ad certamen, Liv. 3, 60: sometimes appy. simply = copiae: cf. Liv. 9, 13, extr., undique contractis viribus cum Papirio conferre. See also troops.
force (v.) Copy link Outline I. To compelII. In phr. to f. a passage or way1. perrumpo, rūpi, ptum, 32. irrumpo, 3 (into some place)3. ērumpo, 3 (out of some surrounding obstacles)4. rumpo, 3 (with viam, iter)5. ēluctor, 1 (to struggle, squeeze out)III. To violate, ravishIV. To raise fruits, etc., prematurely • force (v.): I. To compel: cōgo, cŏēgi, cŏactum, 3: v. to compel. II. In phr. to f. a passage or way: 1. perrumpo, rūpi, ptum, 3: they f. a passage through the midst of the enemy, per medios hostes perrumpunt, Caes. B. G. 6, 40: to f. a passage through a marsh, paludem p., Caes. B. G. 7, 19: also without acc.: they f.d their way into (the emperor's) dining-room, perruperunt in triclinium usque, Suet. Oth. 8. 2. irrumpo, 3 (into some place): to f. a passage into the camp, in castra ir., Liv.: Caes.: v. to break into. 3. ērumpo, 3 (out of some surrounding obstacles): to f. a passage out through (the midst of) the enemy, per hostes e., Liv. 22, 50. 4. rumpo, 3 (with viam, iter): thither they f.d a passage in a wedge-shaped body, eo rupere cuneo viam, Liv. 2, 50, ad fin.: Virg. 5. ēluctor, 1 (to struggle, squeeze out): all the water will f. its way out, aqua eluctabitur omnis, Virg. G. 2, 244: Sen.: to f. a passage through the snow, nives e., Tac. H. 3, 59: Liv. 24, 26, ad fin. III. To violate, ravish: q. v. IV. To raise fruits, etc., prematurely: festīno, 1: a f.d ripeness (of mind), festinata maturitas, Quint. 6, pref. § 10: v. to hasten.
FORCE Copy link • FORCE 1. v. Compel by force, aliquem vi cogere (☞ cogere alone only when it means “to compel”): to force one to anything, aliquem vi cogere ad aliquid, with infinitive, or with ut and subjunctive; aliquem (per vim) adigere, or aliquem subigere ad aliquid, or with ut and subjunctive; alicui necessitatem imponere or injicere aliquid faciendi: to force one’s self, sibi vim facere; naturae repugnare: to force one’s self to do anything, invitum facere aliquid: the matter cannot be forced, res vi obtineri non potest: to find one’s self forced to, necessario cogi, with an infinitive: (☞ se coactum videre is not Latin). To storm (a place), Vid: To break through (e.g., the ranks of the enemy), perrumpere per aliquid (e.g., the centre, per mediam hostium aciem or per medios hostes): to force the passage of a river, per vim flumen transire: to force doors, locks, etc., fores, claustra, etc., effringere: to force a pass, vim per angustias facere. To force a woman [Vid: To RAVISH]. To ripen anything artificially, aliquid ad maturitatem perducere (Plin., 3, 12, 15, where he is speaking of an artificial method; it may be strengthened by arte, or ante tempus, or non suo tempore, alienis mensibus, Verg., or the like), or perhaps festinare maturitatem alicujus rei (after matuvitas festinata, Quint.): to force fruits for the market, *praecoces fructus esculentae merci praeparare (☞ Col., 11, 3, p. 460, Bipont.): but he who wishes to have his cucumbers forced, sed qui praematurum fructum cucumeris habere volet (Col., 11, 3): in this way you will force them early, sic praecocem fructum habebis: in this way cucumbers were forced for Tiberius Caes. nearly all the year round, hac ratione fere toto anno Tiberio Caesari cucumis praebebatur (Col., 11, 3). To force away, abripere: abstrahere: avellere (to tear away). To force back [Vid: To REPULSE]. To force down, fistuca adigere (with an instrument); fistucare. To force from, extorquere per vim alicui aliquid. To force into (by beating or hammering), adigere alicui rei or in aliquid (e.g., the wedge into a tree, cuneum arbori; a nail into a beam, clavum in tignnm). To force on [Vid: URGE ON]. To force open; Vid: above “to force a lock, a door, “etc. To force out [Vid: To DRIVE OUT]: to force the truth out of anybody, or a confession from anybody, alicui exprimere or extorquere confessionem; exprimere or extorquere, ut fateatur aliquis; cogere aliquem, ut fateatur (the last either with or without compulsion). To force upon, objici; se offerre (of thoughts, opinions, fear, which press themselves upon us; e.g., to force itself upon one’s mind, se offerre; objici animo); inculcare (of things); obtrudere (of persons and things): to force one’s self upon anybody, se alicui venditare. [Vid: also, To INTRUDE.] Forced (opposed to natural), arcessitus: you must take care that it does not seem forced, cavendum est, ne arcessitum dictum putetur: forced jokes, frigidi et arcessiti joci (Suet., Claud., 21): a forced interpretation, perhaps interpretatio contorta: to give a forced interpretation of a passage, *vim adhibere alicui loco: forced joy, necessitas gaudendi (opposed to gaudii fides, Plin., Paneg., 23, 6): a forced style, oratio contorta: this may seem forced to somebody, hoc videatur cuipiam durius. A forced march, magna itinera: by forced marches, magnis itineribus, or quam maximis potest itineribus; magnis diurnis nocturnisque itineribus (e.g., contendere aliquo, Caes.); quantum potest itineribus extentis (Liv.). To make a forced march, festinanter et raptim conficere iter (to march as quickly as possible); iter extendere (with quantum poterat, etc., to make as long a march as possible, Liv.). To make forced marches, iter continuare die ac nocte (to march by day and by night); magnis itineribus se extendere (Caes.; to take very long marches); magnis itineribus aliquo contendere (to any place). 2. s. Strength, vis: vires (general terms): robur (physical strength, corporis; mental, animi): nervi; lacerti (the nerves, muscles, as the seat of the principal strength of man; hence, figuratively = great force; Vid: Dict.). The force of an argument [Vid: COGENCY]; to take by force, vi capere (general term): vi eripere alicui aliquid (to take from anybody); urbem vi or per vim expugnare; vi oppugnando urbem capere (to take by storm): the force of eloquence, eloquentia (in a pregnant sense; Sall., Cat., 5, 4): to use force, vi agere: to effect anything by force, vi manuque conficere aliquid; per vim facere aliquid: to repel force by force, vi vim illatam defendere; vim vi vincere; vim vi expellere: to beat back or to repel by force, arma armis propulsare: with great force, omni vi, summa vi; omni virium contentione: refuted by the force of truth, repulsus veritatis viribus (Phaedrus, 1, 1, 9): compelled by force, ex necessitate; necessitate imposita; necessitate or necessaria re coactus: to compel anybody by force, aliquem per vim adigere: to have recourse to force, vim adhibere: to exert all one’s force, omnes vires or nervos contendere; summa ope niti or eniti; omnibus viribus elaborare: to be in force, ratum esse (to be established, of laws, etc.); exerceri (to be acted upon, of laws, Liv., 4, 51); also, valere, observari: to put a law in force, legem exereere; to lose its binding force, evanescere (opposed to valere): of no force, invalidus; imbecillus (later form, imbecillis; weak). If = invalid, Vid: Forces, (α) Troops, exercitus terrester or pedester; copiae terrestres or pedestres (all in contradistinction to copiae navales); also, copiae, exercitus only (in contradistinction to classis, Vid: Curt., 3, 1, 13): to possess or to have great forces, copiis pedestribus multum valere; terra multum pollere. (β) Sea or naval force, copiae navales; copiae classiariorum (sea troops, marines); naves (ships); classis maritimaeque res (fleet, and every thing belonging to it, in general): to have great naval forces, permultum valere classe maritimisque rebus; magnam navium facultatem habere: a state that has a considerable naval force, civitas navibus or classi valens; civitas multum mari pollens. By force of; Vid: “by DINT of.” FORCEDLY, Vid: By FORCE, IN FORCE, and FORCIBLY.