back (subs.) Copy link Outline I. Of an animal (including man)1. tergum2. dorsum (prop. referring to the ridge of the spine)II. The part of anything opposite to the frontIII. The more distant part of a place • back (subs.): I. Of an animal (including man): 1. tergum: to be punished on the back and head; i. e. to be scourged and beheaded, tergo ac capite puniri, Liv.: all the enemy turned their b.s, omnes hostes terga verterunt, Caes.: they had turned their b.s, terga dederant, Liv.: to bind a man's hands behind his b., hominis manus post tergum revincire, Virg.: the b.s of oxen, terga boum, Cic.: the god directed him not to concern himself about what was done at his back, i. e. behind him, deus illi praecepit quid a tergo fieret ne laboraret, Cic. 2. dorsum (prop. referring to the ridge of the spine): to fit one's shield to one's b., clipeum ad d. accommodare, Pl.: the horse shook not his rider from his b., nor the bit from his mouth, equus non equitem dorso, non frenum depulit ore, Hor.: v. ridge. Phr.: you are shameless, both front and b., et adversus et aversus impudicus es, Cic.: a wound in the b., caecum vulnus, Virg.; caecus ictus, Liv.: lying on my b., I gaze upon the sky, resupinus in coelo contueor, Att. ap. Cic.: Ov.: he snores, lying on his b., stertit supinus, Hor.: the boy lays hold of me behind by the robe, and throws me on my b., puer me pone apprehendit pallio, resupinat, Ter.: to malign any one behind his b., aliquem absentem rodere, Hor. II. The part of anything opposite to the front: tergum (rare): to write on the margin and b. of a book, margine libri scribere et in tergo, Juv. Phr.: he writes upon the b. of the paper, scribit in aversa charta, Mart.: the b. of the head, pars capitis aversa, Plin.: the b. of a house, postīcae aedium partes, Liv.: or simply, posticum, Vitr.: the b. of a couch, plŭtĕus, Suet. III. The more distant part of a place: āversum, or more freq. āversa, orum: the b. of a city, aversa urbis, Liv.: the b. of an island, a. insulae, Liv.
back (adject. prefix< Copy link • back (adject. prefix): postīcus: a b.-door, p. ostium, Pl.: v. back-door: hind (adj.).
back (adv.) Copy link • back (adv.): v. backwards. It is generally expr. by the prefix re or red; as to go b., redire; to fall b., recidere; to push b., repellere: for which v. to go back, etc.
back (v.) Copy link Outline A. Trans.I. To move backII. To support; q. v.B. Intrans. • back (v.): A. Trans.: I. To move back: rĕjĭcĭo, jēci, jectum, 3: to b. the kids from a stream, capellas a flumine r., Virg. Phr.: to b. water, i. e. to row backwards or stern foremost: inhibere, Liv. (cf. Cic. Att. 13, 21, 4, where the term is discussed): retro navem inhibere, Liv.; remis inhibere, Just. II. To support; q. v. B. Intrans.: to go b.; q. v. Phr.: this horse will not b., *hic equus repugnat quominus retrorsum agatur.
BACK Copy link • BACK 1. tergum (in opposition to frons): dorsum (the back of a quadruped: m opposion to venter or alvus. According to Döderlein, dorsum, from δέρας, denotes the back in a horizontal direction; consequently, the back of an animal, in opposition to the belly, like νῶτον: tergum, the back, in a perpendicular direction; consequently the part between the shoulders in a man, in opposition to the breast, like μετάφρενον. Hence dorsum montis denotes the uppermost surface; tergum montis, the hinder part ef a mountain): with the back toward one, aversus: with his bach to the light, aversus a lumine. Back to back, inter se aversi: to bind the hands behind the back, religare or revincire manus post tergum or post terga: to put the hands behind the back, rejicere manus in tergum: to walk up and down with the hands behind the back, manibus in tergum rejectis mambulare: to take on the back, aliquem or aliquid in tergum accipere (Cic., De N.D., 2, 63, 159): to lift on one’s back, aliquem or aliquid humeria attollere: to lie on the back, supinum cubare (in opposition to in faciem cubare, Juv., 3, 280): the wina is at one’s back, tergum afflat ventus. To lay upon its back, resupinare: to turn their backs, terga vertere or dare (take to flight): as soon as aqr back was turned, simul ac discesserim: to turn one’s back upon anyone alicui tergum (of several terga) obvertere (litterally); aliquem deserere (to leave in the lurch); alicui deesse (to fail him): behind anyone’s back, clam aliquo, or aliqao inscio, aliquo ab sente: to speak ill of a person behind his back, alicui absenti male dicere. Back part: pars aversa: tergum: pars posterior: back of the paper, charta aversa. Written on the back, scriptus in tergo (Juv.). The back of the head, aversa pars capitis: occiput: back of the island, aversa (plur.) insulae: of the mountain, aversa rnontis: aversus mons: at the back of the house, (in) aversa parte domus (i. e., in the hack side of the principal building); in postico: (in) postica parte aedium: (in) postica domo (in the back buildings). He lives at the back of the house, habitat in aversa parte domus (i. e., his windowslook into the court): habitat in postica aedium parte (in some of the back buildings). There was a garden at the back of the house, hortus erat posticis aedium partibus. 2. adv., retro, retrorsum: when used elliptically it is expressed by cede! cedite! recede! recedite! mostly expressed by re in composition; e.g., to call back, revocare: to turn back, reverti (the past tenses from the perfect, reverti: hence reverteram, etc., seldom reversus sum. But the participle reversus has the active meaning): of a driver, equos flectere: to run back, recurrere: to fly back, revolare: to roll back, revolvere: to drive the enemy back from the city, hostes ab urbe repellere or rejicere: to go back to the origin and head of anything, aliquid alte et a capite repetere. 3. v. a., Mount, conscendere (e.g., equum, to back or mount a horse). To back or take the part of anybody, suffragari alicui; alicui favere; juvare or adjuvare aliquem; adjumento esse alicui; aliquem consilio et re tueri, or opera et consilio juvare: sustentare: sustinere. To back or retreat, se recipere, retrorsum movere; to back water, navem retro inhibere: inhilbere navem remis, or inhibere remis only.