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• sustĭnĕo, tĭnŭi, tentum, 2, v. a. [subs for sub, and teneo], to hold up, hold upright, uphold, to bear up, keep up, support, sustain (syn. fulcio).

I. Lit.

A. In gen.: onus alicui, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 68: quantum hominum terra sustinet, id. Poen. prol. 90; id. Men. 1, 1, 13: cum Milo umeris sustineret bovem vivum, Cic. Sen. 10, 33: arma membraque, Liv. 23, 45, 3; Curt. 6, 1, 11; 7, 5, 8: infirmos baculo artus, to support, Ov. M. 6, 27: furcis spectacula, Liv. 1, 35, 9: ingenuā speculum manu, Ov. A. A. 2, 216: fornice exstructo, quo pons sustinebatur, Auct. B. Alex. 19, 4: manibus clipeos et hastam Et galeam, Ov. H. 3, 119: vix populum tellus sustinet illa suum, id. ib. 15 (16), 182: lapis albus Pocula cum cyatho duo sustinet, Hor. S. 1, 6, 117: vas ad sustinenda opsonia, Plin. 33, 11, 49, § 140: aër volatus alitum sustinet, Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 101: lacus omnia illata pondera sustinens, bearing on its surface, Plin. 6, 27, 31, § 127: ecce populus Romanus universus veluti duobus navigiis inpositus binis cardinibus sustinetur, id. 36, 15, 24, § 119: domum pluribus adminiculis fulcit ac sustinet, Plin. Ep. 4, 21, 3: se, to support one's self, hold one's self up, stand, etc., Caes. B. G. 2, 25; so, se a lapsu, Liv. 21, 35: se alis, Ov. M. 4, 411. —
B. In partic., to hold or keep back, to keep in, stay, check, restrain, control, etc. (syn.: refreno, supprimo, moror): currum equosque, Lucil. ap. Cic. Att. 13, 21, 3: currum, id. Lael. 17, 63 (v. infra, II. B. 3.): equos, Caes. B. G. 4, 33: remos, Cic. Att. 13, 21, 3: manum, Ov. F. 5, 302: sustinet a jugulo dextram, Verg. A. 11, 750: a jugulo nitentem sustinet hastam, Stat. Th. 2, 648: flumina Threiciā lyrā, Prop. 3, 2, 2 (4, 1, 42): nunc agendo, nunc sustinendo agmen, Liv. 25, 36, 1: aliud simile miraculum eos sustinuit, id. 5, 39, 2: signa, id. 31, 24, 8: gradum, Ov. F. 6, 398: perterritum exercitum, Caes. B. C. 1, 71: se, Cic. Tusc. 4, 18, 41; Val. Fl. 3, 100: se ab omni assensu, i. e. to refrain, Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 48: se a respondendo, id. ib. 2, 32, 104. — Poet.: celeres vias, i. e. to halt, Sen. Hippol. 794.—

II. Trop.

A. In gen., to uphold, sustain, maintain, preserve: dignitatem et decus civitatis, Cic. Off. 1, 34, 124: causam rei publicae, id. Fam. 9, 8, 2; cf.: causam publicam, id. Div. in Caecil. 8, 27: exspectationem, id. Off. 3, 2, 6: tris personas unus sustineo, characters, id. de Or. 2, 24, 102: personam magistri, to personate, Suet. Gram. 24: quid muneris in rem publicam fungi ac sustinere velitis, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 86, § 199: historiam veterem atque antiquam haec mea senectus sustinet, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 100: vitam, Maecen. ap. Sen. Ep. 101, 11.—Poet.: (arbor) ingentem sustinet umbram, Verg. G. 2, 297.—
B. In partic.

1. To sustain, support, maintain, by food, money, or other means: hac (sc. re frumentariā) alimur et sustinemur, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 5, § 11: veterem amicum suum labentem excepit, fulsit et sustinuit re, fortunā, fide, id. Rab. Post. 16, 43: qui ager non amplius hominum quinque milia potest sustinere, id. Att. 2, 16, 1: alicujus munificentiā sustineri, Liv. 39, 9, 6: hinc patriam parvosque nepotes Sustinet, Verg. G. 2, 515: necessitates aliorum, Liv. 6, 15, 9: plebem, id. 3, 65, 6: penuriam temporum, Col. 9, 14, 17.—
2. To bear, undergo, endure; to hold out against, withstand (so most freq.; syn.: fero, tolero, patior): mala ferre sustinereque, Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16: non tu scis, quantum malarum rerum sustineam, Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 8: innocens suspitionem hanc sustinet causā meā, id. Bacch. 3, 3, 32: labores, Cic. Rep. 1, 3: aestatem, Hirt. B. G. 8, 39, 3: dolorem pedum, Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 5: dolores, id. ib. 1, 12, 8: certamen, Liv. 33, 36, 12: vim hostium, Nep. Hann. 11, 4: periculum, Dig. 18, 6, 1: o dii, quis hujus potentiam poterit sustinere? Cic. Phil. 7, 6, 17: alicujus imperia, Caes. B. G. 1, 31: vulnera, id. ib. 1, 45: Philo ea sustinere vix poterat, quae contra Academicorum pertinaciam dicebantur, Cic. Ac. 2, 6, 18; Vatin. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 10, 2: Peloponnesum, Cic. Att. 10, 12, 7: eos (rogantes), Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, 3; Liv. 31, 13: senatus querentes eos non sustinuit, id. 31, 13, 4: justa petentem deam, Ov. M. 14, 788: ferrum ignemque Jovemque, id. ib. 13, 385 et saep.—Absol.: expectes et sustineas necesse est, Mart. 9, 3, 13: neque jam sustineri poterat, Caes. B. G. 2, 6; cf. Cic. Fam. 12, 6, 4; Liv. 29, 6, 17.—

β. With obj.-clause (mostly with a negative: non sustinet, he cannot bear, cannot endure; he does not take upon himself, does not venture): non sustineo esse conscius mihi dissimulati judicii mei, Quint. 3, 6, 64: non impositos supremis ignibus artus Sustinuit spectare parens, Ov. M. 13, 584; so negatively, id. ib. 1, 530; 6, 367; 6, 606; 9, 439; 10, 47; id. F. 4, 850; Vell. 2, 86, 2. — In a negative interrog.: sustinebant tales viri, se tot senatoribus, etc. ... non credidisse? tantae populi Romani voluntati restitisse? Sustineant. Reperiemus, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10: hoc quidem quis hominum sustineat petulans esse ad alterius arbitrium? Quint. 12, 9, 10; 3, 6, 64: deserere officii sui partes, Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 16; 9, 13, 6: Parmenionem rursus castigare non sustinebat, Curt. 4, 13, 8; 6, 1, 15: nec solus bibere sustineo, id. 7, 5, 12; 7, 6, 15; 8, 5, 7; Vell. 2, 86, 2; Suet. Caes. 75.—Affirmatively: quem in vinculis habituri erant, sustinuere venerari, Curt. 5, 10, 13: colloqui cum eo, quem damnaverat, sustinuit, id. 6, 8, 16; 7, 5, 38; 10, 5, 25: quae se praeferre Dianae Sustinuit, took upon herself, presumed, Ov. M. 11, 322; so, sustinet ire illuc, id. ib. 4, 447; 6, 563; id. H. 5, 32; Phaedr. 4, 16, 8: aliquem videre, Auct. Cons. Liv. 135: si quis aquam ... haurire sustineat, Plin. 30, 7, 20, § 64: mentiri, Petr. 116.—

3. (Acc. to I. B.) To hold in, stop, stay, check, restrain; to keep back, put off, defer, delay: est igitur prudentis sustinere ut currum sic impetum benevolentiae, Cic. Lael. 17, 63; so, impetum hostis, Caes. B. G. 1, 24; 1, 26; 2, 11; 3, 2 et saep.: subitas hostium incursiones, Hirt. B. G. 8, 11; cf.: Curio praemittit equites, qui primum impetum sustineant ac morentur, Caes. B. C. 2, 26: bellum consilio, Liv. 3, 60, 1: assensus lubricos, Cic. Ac. 2, 34, 108: sustinenda solutio est nominis Caerelliani, id. Att. 12, 51, 3: oppugnationem ad noctem, Caes. B. G. 5, 37, 6: rem in noctem, Liv. 5, 35, 7: iram, id. 2, 19, 4.

• sustĭnĕō, tĭnŭī, tentum, ēre (subs, teneo), tr.,

1. tenir par-dessous, tenir en l'air, soutenir, maintenir : aër volatus alitum sustinet Cic. Nat. 2, 101, l'air soutient le vol des oiseaux ; se alis Ov. M. 4, 411, se soutenir sur ses ailes ; manibus sublatis sacra quædam reposita in capitibus sustinebant Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 5, de leurs mains levées en l'air elles maintenaient posés sur leurs têtes certains objets pour le sacrifice ; se sustinere Cæs. G. 2, 25, 1, se soutenir [ne pas tomber] ; se a lapsu Liv. 21, 35, 12, se maintenir sans glisser

2. porter, supporter : umeris bovem vivum Cic. CM 33, porter un bœuf vivant sur ses épaules, cf. Cic. CM 4 ; columnæ porticus sustinent Cic. de Or. 3, 180, des colonnes supportent les galeries

3. arrêter, retenir : incitatos equos Cæs. G. 4, 33, 3, arrêter des chevaux lancés au galop, cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 94 ; Læl. 63 ; se sustinere Cic. Tusc. 4, 41, s'arrêter [dans sa chute] ; sustinet a jugulo dextram Virg. En. 11, 750, il écarte la main de sa gorge || [fig.] se ab omni assensu Cic. Ac. 2, 48, se retenir de toute adhésion ; se Cic. Ac. 2, 53, se retenir ; [avec ne] Cic. Fam. 9, 8, 1, se retenir de

4. [fig.]

a) maintenir, soutenir, conserver en bon état : decus civitatis Cic. Off. 1, 124, soutenir l'honneur de la cité || entretenir, sustenter, nourrir : Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 11 ; Att. 2, 16, 1 ; Liv. 39, 9, 6 ;
b) avoir la charge de, porter, soutenir : causam publicam Cic. Cæcil. 27, soutenir une cause publique ; munus in rem publicam Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 199, supporter une charge envers l'État ; tres personas Cic. de Or. 2, 102, soutenir trois rôles ; sustines non parvam exspectationem imitandæ industriæ nostræ Cic. Off. 3, 6, sur tes épaules pèse la grande attente où l'on est de te voir imiter mon activité || tenir bon contre : impetum hostis Cæs. G. 1, 24, 1, soutenir le choc de l'ennemi ; senatus querentes eos non sustinuit Liv. 31, 13, 4, le sénat ne put tenir contre leurs plaintes [dut s'incliner devant...] ; ad noctem oppugnationem Cæs. G. 5, 37, 6, soutenir l'assaut jusqu'à la nuit, cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 207 || [abst] tenir bon : exercitum sustinere non posse Cæs. C. 1, 71, 1, que l'armée ne pourrait tenir bon, cf. Cæs. G. 2, 6, 4 ; 4, 11, 6 ; 7, 86, 2 ; Cic. Fam. 12, 6, 2 || nec ultra sustinuere certamen Galli, quin terga verterent Liv. 33, 36, 12, et les Gaulois ne purent soutenir plus longtemps la lutte sans tourner le dos, cf. Liv. 2, 19, 4 ; 40, 26, 5 ;
c) supporter, endurer : alicujus imperia Cæs. G. 1, 31, 13, supporter les ordres de qqn, cf. Cic. Phil. 7, 17 ; labores Cic. Rep. 1, 4, supporter des fatigues, cf. Cic. Tusc. 5, 16 ; dolorem Cic. Br. 6, supporter une douleur ; pœnam Cic. Domo 77, supporter un châtiment ;
d) [avec inf.] prendre sur soi de, gagner sur soi de : Ov. M. 13, 584, etc. ; Liv. 23, 9, 7, etc. ; Curt. 4, 13, 8, etc.; Quint. 12, 9, 10, etc.; Plin. Min. Ep. 9, 13, 16, etc.; Suet. Cæs. 75 || [avec prop. inf.]: sustinebunt se... non credidisse ? Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 10, auront-ils le courage de n'accorder aucune créance... ? || [avec ut] sentio non posse tuam famam sustinere ut... arma feras L. Cornelius Balbus d. Cic. Att. 9, 7 b, 1, je conçois que ton honneur ne peut te permettre de prendre les armes...;
e) suspendre, différer : Cic. Att. 12, 51, 3 ; rem in noctem Liv. 5, 45, 7, remettre la chose à la nuit ; bellum consilio Liv. 3, 60, 1, tenir la guerre en suspens [la prolonger sans combat] par sa prudence, cf. Liv. 3, 65, 6.

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